Biocides in the Hospital Environment: Application and Tolerance Development

Geraldes, Catarina; Tavares, Luís; Gil, Solange; Oliveira, Manuela

doi:10.1089/mdr.2023.0074

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…But many other agents without antimicrobial activity are also capable of affecting bacterial responses to antibiotics; the list of “emerging contaminants” contributing to the AR problem is extensive [ 79 ]. Importantly, bacteria are routinely exposed to many agents that are toxic to them: antiseptics, sterilants, disinfectants of different potencies and spectra, and preservatives [ 80 ]. This exposure increased dramatically during the COVID-19 pandemic, with impacts on AR yet to be known [ 81 ].…”

Section: Non-canonical Selective Pressures and Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Canonical Aspects of Antibiotics and Antibiotic Resistance

Amábile-Cuevas,

Lund-Zaina

2024

Antibiotics

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The understanding of antibiotic resistance, one of the major health threats of our time, is mostly based on dated and incomplete notions, especially in clinical contexts. The “canonical” mechanisms of action and pharmacodynamics of antibiotics, as well as the methods used to assess their activity upon bacteria, have not changed in decades; the same applies to the definition, acquisition, selective pressures, and drivers of resistance. As a consequence, the strategies to improve antibiotic usage and overcome resistance have ultimately failed. This review gathers most of the “non-canonical” notions on antibiotics and resistance: from the alternative mechanisms of action of antibiotics and the limitations of susceptibility testing to the wide variety of selective pressures, lateral gene transfer mechanisms, ubiquity, and societal factors maintaining resistance. Only by having a “big picture” view of the problem can adequate strategies to harness resistance be devised. These strategies must be global, addressing the many aspects that drive the increasing prevalence of resistant bacteria aside from the clinical use of antibiotics.

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Section: Non-canonical Selective Pressures and Consequencesmentioning

confidence: 99%