Biocide tolerance in Salmonella from meats in Southern Spain

Abstract

Salmonella serovars sampled from meat products in Southern Spain (Andalucía) during the period 2002-2007 were analyzed in this study. The serovars most frequently detected (in order) were Typhimurium, Enteritidis, Derby, Anatum and Rissen. Isolates (n = 43) were tested for sensitivity to biocides, including the quaternary ammonium compounds benzalkonium chloride (BC), cetrimide (CT) and hexadecylpyridinium chloride (HDP), and the bisphenols triclosan (TC) and hexachlorophene (CF). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) for the quaternary ammonium compounds was in the range of 25 to 50 mg/L for most isolates, although a few isolates required much higher concentrations, up to 250 mg/L. Bisphenols showed higher inhibitory activity, with a MIC of 2.5 to 25 mg/L. A few isolates showed a “non-wildtype” MIC for TC of up to 250 mg/L. These results indicate a low incidence of tolerance towards quaternary ammonium compounds and triclosan among Salmonella from meats and meat products.

Staphylococcus aureus from Minas Artisanal Cheeses: Biocide Tolerance, Antibiotic Resistance and Enterotoxin Genes

“…BC is also used as a component in pesticides, disinfectants, and detergents in animal husbandry, mainly dairy cattle [32]. HDP is used in personal hygiene products, and is also approved for decontaminating raw poultry, so its use in food processing environments is possible [33].…”

Antimicrobial Tolerance in Salmonella: Contributions to Survival and Persistence in Processing Environments

“…In another study, a greater than 3.2% increase in the MIC was observed in Salmonella Typhimurium strains exposed to twice the concentration of the MIC after only one passage of the culture in a sublethal concentration [69]. Similarly, results from Garrido et al (2015) [106] suggested that Salmonella isolates from meat samples could tolerate high levels of QACs up to 250 ppm, which may have contributed to the persistence of the isolates. Furthermore, tolerance to QACs could impact the growth rate in Salmonella strains as observed by Castelijn et al (2014) [105], where QAC-adapted Salmonella strains had reduced growth when compared to the non-adapted strains.…”

Whole-Genome Comparative and Pathogenicity Analysis of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica Serovar Rissen

“…In Thailand, S. Rissen is the most prevalent serotype isolate from swine and pork products (Dorn-In et al 2009;Sanguankiat et al 2010). Salmonellosis cases owing to S. Rissen infections in Europe (Garrido et al 2015;Bonardi et al 2016;Campos et al 2016;Frasson et al 2016) and America (Blondel et al 2015;Molina et al 2016) have been reported. Although there are many reports on S. Rissen-associated epidemics, to date, studies of its pathogenicity, virulence comparative genome analysis have been limited.…”

“…Salmonellosis cases owing to S . Rissen infections in Europe ( Garrido et al 2015 ; Bonardi et al 2016 ; Campos et al 2016 ; Frasson et al 2016 ) and America ( Blondel et al 2015 ; Molina et al 2016 ) have been reported. Although there are many reports on S .…”