Biochronology of the mid-Pliocene Sphaeroidinella event

Kučera, Michal

doi:10.1016/s0377-8398(98)00016-4

Cited by 11 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Another example is the evolution of late Neogene lineage Sphaeroidinella, which was once considered a prime example of anagenesis (57). However, subsequent work has shown that the emergence of the descendant taxon was restricted to a portion of the ancestral taxon's range (58), implying that the event was cladogenetic. We do not mean to imply that phenotypic evolution occurs only during cladogenesis; temporal changes in phenotype are well documented for morphospecies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the role of cladogenesis in macroevolution by integrating fossil and molecular evidence

Strotz

Allen

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Assessing the extent to which population subdivision during cladogenesis is necessary for long-term phenotypic evolution is of fundamental importance in a broad range of biological disciplines. Differentiating cladogenesis from anagenesis, defined as evolution within a species, has generally been hampered by dating precision, insufficient fossil data, and difficulties in establishing a direct link between morphological changes detectable in the fossil record and biological species. Here we quantify the relative frequencies of cladogenesis and anagenesis for macroperforate planktic Foraminifera, which arguably have the most complete fossil record currently available, to address this question. Analyzing this record in light of molecular evidence, while taking into account the precision of fossil dating techniques, we estimate that the fraction of speciation events attributable to anagenesis is <19% during the Cenozoic era (last 65 Myr) and <10% during the Neogene period (last 23 Myr). Our central conclusion-that cladogenesis is the predominant mode by which new planktic Foraminifera taxa become established at macroevolutionary time scales-differs markedly from the conclusion reached in a recent study based solely on fossil data. These disparate findings demonstrate that interpretations of macroevolutionary dynamics in the fossil record can be fundamentally altered in light of genetic evidence. anagenesis, which occurs within a species, and cladogenesis, which occurs during speciation and results in the subdivision of a species into two reproductively isolated, independently evolving taxa (1, 2). Distinguishing between these modes is essential to determining the role of population subdivision in evolutionary dynamics (3,4). This topic has received considerable attention in paleontology (1, 2), perhaps because the fossil record provides the only direct record of long-term morphological change (5), but its importance extends to other biological disciplines. For example, in population genetics, models only predict that phenotypic change is contingent upon or associated with the evolution of reproductive isolation under specific circumstances (3). Thus, a primary role for cladogenesis may highlight the importance of particular speciation modes (2), metapopulations dynamics (6), or adaptive peaks in fitness landscapes (7,8). In community ecology, both evolutionary modes may influence biodiversity, but the mechanisms differ: only cladogenesis results in an increase in diversity (9-11), but anagenesis may help maintain diversity if it results in niche differences that facilitate species coexistence (12, 13).Remarkably few studies have attempted to quantify the relative frequencies of anagenesis and cladogenesis for entire species assemblages (e.g., refs. 5, 14, 15). Addressing this question is challenging due to insufficient fossil data for most taxa and the difficulties in relating morphological change to genetic divergence and the evolution of reproductive isolation (16). Fossil data can only be used to distinguish anag...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessing the role of cladogenesis in macroevolution by integrating fossil and molecular evidence

Strotz

Allen

2013

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…; Schneider et al . ; Kucera ; Kucera and Kennett ). Range offset is typically large enough that range offset now commonly exceeds the precision of geochronological methods (Holland and Patzkowsky ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The stratigraphy of mass extinction

Holland

Patzkowsky

2015

Palaeontology

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Patterns of last occurrences of fossil species are often used to infer the tempo and timing of mass extinction, even though last occurrences generally precede the time of extinction. Numerical simulations with constant extinction demonstrate that last occurrences are not randomly distributed, but tend to cluster at subaerial unconformities, surfaces of forced regression, flooding surfaces and intervals of stratigraphical condensation, all of which occur in predictable stratigraphical positions. This clustering arises not only from hiatuses and non-deposition, but also from changes in water depth. Simulations with intervals of elevated extinction cause such clusters of last occurrences to be enhanced within and below the interval of extinction, suggesting that the timing and magnitude of extinctions in these instances could be misinterpreted. With the possible exception of the end-Cretaceous, mass extinctions in the fossil record are characterized by clusters of last occurrences at these sequence stratigraphical horizons. Although these clusters of last occurrences may represent brief pulses of elevated extinction, they are equally likely to form by stratigraphical processes during a protracted period (more than several hundred thousand years) of elevated extinction rate. Geochemical proxies of extinction causes are also affected similarly, suggesting that many local expressions of mass extinction should be re-evaluated for the timing of extinction and its relation to environmental change. We propose three tests for distinguishing pulses of extinction from clusters of last occurrences produced by stratigraphical processes.Key words: extinction, sequence stratigraphy, modelling.T H E evidence for a bolide impact at the end of the Cretaceous (Alvarez et al. 1980) and the recognition of periodicity in mass extinctions (Raup and Sepkoski 1984) spurred interest in the causes of mass extinction. The timing of last occurrences of species in stratigraphical columns soon became key evidence for inferring whether a mass extinction was sudden, pulsed or gradual (Huber 1986; Macellari 1986; Kauffman 1988; Marshall and Ward 1996). It was quickly realized that the Signor-Lipps effect complicates the timing of extinction, by which incomplete sampling causes abrupt extinction events to appear gradual in the stratigraphical record (Signor and Lipps 1982). Despite such complications, the stratigraphical pattern of last occurrences continues to be used to infer timing and tempo at other mass extinctions (Finney et al. 1999; Jin et al. 2000; Brookfield et al. 2003; Shen et al. 2011; Yan et al. 2013; Wang et al. 2014).Although the Signor-Lipps effect is well known, it belies the complexity of patterns of last occurrences in the fossil record. In particular, numerical modelling (Holland 1995(Holland , 2000 and field studies (see review in Patzkowsky and Holland 2012) demonstrate that facies changes, changes in the rate of sedimentation, and hiatuses exert a control on the occurrence of fossils that frequently overwhelm...

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“…The occurrence in both the tropical Atlantic and eastern Pacific of the planktic foraminifera Globorotalia pertenuis Beard, 1969 andGloborotalia miocenica Palmer, 1945 (Keigwin 1982b) that originated about 3.5 Ma confirms surfacewater exchange across the isthmus. Also occurring in planktic foraminifera at about 3.5 Ma are discordant patterns between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific oceans in the coiling direction of Pulleniatina (Saito 1976), and an abrupt increase in the average number of supplementary apertures in the Sphaeroidinella lineage (Kucera 1998); both events are ascribed to complete seaway closure.…”

Section: Efffects Of Changes In Seaway Depth On Microfossilsmentioning

confidence: 93%

Biogeographic effects of the closing Central American Seaway on benthic Foraminifera of Venezuela

2013

BMS

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Studies of the effects of the Central American Seaway's closure on microfossil taxa and stable isotopes of foraminifera previously addressed the timing of emplacement of the Caribbean-tropical eastern Pacific sill, changes in marine nutrients, evolutionary and paleobiogeographic events associated with closure, and rates of uplift in Central America. However, there have been no quantitative studies of the transisthmian divergence of whole biotas. Here we assess biogeographic effects of the closing Central American Seaway by comparing middle Miocene to Pliocene, neritic benthic foraminiferal assemblages from Falcón State, Venezuela, to those of coeval deposits with similar paleoenvironments from Panama, Costa Rica, and Ecuador. Benthic foraminiferal assemblages from the Urumaco, Codore, Caujarao, and La Vela formations of Venezuela's central coast were compared to other Caribbean and tropical eastern Pacific assemblages with Simpson's, Dice, and Jaccard similarity coefficients. Results of the Simpson's Coefficient indicate that the Caribbean inner neritic faunas of Venezuela, Costa Rica, and Panama became significantly more similar from the late Miocene to Pliocene, as mixing with Pacific waters was reduced and modern oceanic conditions of the Caribbean Sea were established.

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Biochronology of the mid-Pliocene Sphaeroidinella event

Cited by 11 publications

References 49 publications

Assessing the role of cladogenesis in macroevolution by integrating fossil and molecular evidence

Assessing the role of cladogenesis in macroevolution by integrating fossil and molecular evidence

The stratigraphy of mass extinction

Biogeographic effects of the closing Central American Seaway on benthic Foraminifera of Venezuela

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