Biochemotherapy for the Treatment of Metastatic Malignant Melanoma: A Clinical Practice Guideline

Abstract

Questions• What is the role of biochemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic malignant melanoma?• What are the adverse effects and effects on quality of life of biochemotherapy as a treatment option?For the purposes of this report, "biochemotherapy" is defined as a therapeutic regimen that includes, at a minimum, chemotherapy (either single-agent or combination) and interleukin-2. PerspectivesAlthough early detection, appropriate surgery, and in some cases adjuvant therapy have improved outcomes, at least one third of patients with early-stage melanoma will develop metastases. Recently, in an effort to potentially maximize outcomes, the combination of chemotherapy and immunotherapy (biochemotherapy) was evaluated. The level of interest that this approach has generated, particularly with regard to the apparently high response rates seen in this otherwise devastating illness, was sufficient to merit closer examination by the Melanoma Disease Site Group (DSG) of Cancer Care Ontario's Program in Evidence-based Care (PEBC). OutcomesOutcomes of interest include response rate, diseasefree survival, overall survival, quality of life, and incidence of grades 3 and 4 toxicities. MethodologyEvidence was selected and reviewed by three members of the PEBC's Melanoma DSG and by two methodologists. The present practice guideline report was reviewed and approved by the Melanoma DSG, which comprises medical and radiation oncologists, surgeons, and dermatologists. External review by Ontario practitioners was obtained through a mailed survey, the results of which were incorporated into the practice guideline. Final approval of the original guideline report was obtained from the PEBC's Report Approval Panel. ResultsClinical recommendations were drafted based on the evidence identified through a systematic review. The practice guideline report with draft recommendations was mailed to Ontario practitioners for external review and to the Report Approval Panel. Feedback from both groups was incorporated into this report to create the final practice guideline. Practice GuidelineThe recommendations that follow apply to adult patients with metastatic malignant melanoma.Because of the inconsistent results of the available studies with regard to benefit (response, time to progression, and survival) and consistently high toxicity rates, biochemotherapy is not recommended for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.

Immunotherapy Potentiates the Effect of Chemotherapy in Metastatic Melanoma—A Retrospective Study

“…Since no statistically significant survival improvement with bio-chemotherapy over chemotherapy was reported (18), biochemotherapy regimens including interleukin-2 (IL-2) were considered "chemotherapy" despite the immunotherapeutic benefit attributed to IL-2.…”