Biochemistry, Physiology, and Genetics of Endosperm Mobilization in Germinated Barley Grain

Fincher, Geoffrey B.

doi:10.1002/9780470958636.ch14

Cited by 21 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 178 publications

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“…Cellulose was the second richest component in germinating barley embryo wall with about 20% (mol %) at 24 h. At 48 h, cellulose levels had increased by 20 -50% in four barley varieties. Germinating barley embryos had much higher cellulose levels than that in the cell walls of the aleurone layer or the endosperm, where cellulose content was only 2% (Fincher, 2010).…”

Section: Cell Wall Polysaccharide Composition Changed Rapidly In Germmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Cell wall in germinating barley embryos contained 1.8-2.5% of (1,3)(1,4)-β-D-glucan at 24 h. At 48 h, the levels of (1,3)(1,4)-β-D-glucan increased by 30-100% (Table 1). Germinating barley embryo walls had much lower levels of (1,3)(1,4)-glucans than that in the cell walls in the aleurone layer (26%, w/w) or the starchy endosperm (75%, w/w) (Fincher, 2010).…”

Section: Arabinanmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…and GH3 proteins (Fincher, 2010, Fincher et al , 1986. The mRNA of (1,3)(1,4)-β-D-glucan endohydrolase isoenzyme I gene (EI, GH17) (MLOC_62746) and a β-glucosidase gene (MLOC_37740) was most abundant in germinating embryos (400-1500 RPKM) (Fig.…”

Section: The Mrna Levels Of the Genes Responsible For (13)(14)-β-d-mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Cell wall composition varies between different parts of the barley grain. Cell walls of barley endosperm contain high levels of (1,3)(1,4)-β-D-glucans (75% v/v) and substantial amounts of HX (20% v/v), while cell walls in aleurone layers contain high levels of HX (71%,v/v) and moderate amounts of (1,3)(1,4)-β-D-glucans (26% v/v) (Fincher, 2010). Cellulose levels are extremely low in the cell walls of endosperm and aleurone layers (2%, v/v).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, a suite of hydrolytic enzymes may regulate polysaccharide levels in germinating barley grains. These include (1,4)-β-D-xylan endohydrolases (GH10), arabinoxylan arabinofuranohydrolase (AXAH, GH51), α-L-arabinofuranosidase (GH3) and β-D-xylosidase (GH3) for HX degradation (Fincher, 2010), and (1,3)(1,4)-β-D-glucan endohydrolase (GH17), (1,4)-β-D-glucan glucohydrolase (GH1) and β-D-glucan exohydrolase (GH3) for (1,3)(1,4)-β-D-glucan degradation (Fincher, 2010). Several glycosyl hydrolases in GH5, GH9 and GH16 may also be involved in modifications to (1,3)(1,4)-β-D-glucans, as implicated by association mapping with two-row spring and winter barley (Houston et al , 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in cell wall polysaccharide composition, gene transcription and alternative splicing in germinating barley embryos

Zhang

Pettolino

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

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Changes in cell wall polysaccharide composition, gene transcription and alternative splicing in germinating embryos.Journal of Plant Physiology http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jplph. 2015.12.007 This is a PDF file of an unedited manuscript that has been accepted for publication. As a service to our customers we are providing this early version of the manuscript. The manuscript will undergo copyediting, typesetting, and review of the resulting proof before it is published in its final form. Please note that during the production process errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain. At least 50 cell wall genes changed transcript levels significantly. Expression patterns of many cell wall genes coincided with changes in polysaccharide composition. Our data showed that cell wall polysaccharide metabolism was very active in germinating barley embryos, which was regulated at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels.

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Section: Cell Wall Polysaccharide Composition Changed Rapidly In Germmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Arabinanmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: The Mrna Levels Of the Genes Responsible For (13)(14)-β-d-mentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Changes in cell wall polysaccharide composition, gene transcription and alternative splicing in germinating barley embryos

Zhang

Pettolino

et al. 2016

Journal of Plant Physiology

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Fertilisation and Fruit Development

Kraehmer

Baur

2019

Grasses

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Towards lager beer aroma improvement via selective amino acid release by proteases during mashing

Lin

Petersen

Mauch

et al. 2022

J Institute Brewing

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Higher alcohols and esters are key compounds from fermentation that help define the character of beer. Higher alcohols are mainly produced by yeast via the Ehrlich amino acid degradation pathway of especially leucine, isoleucine, valine, and phenylalanine. Augmenting the concentration of these amino acids can enhance the output of the Ehrlich pathway. Unlike previous studies, the work reported here explores the possibility of combining endo-and exo-proteases to selectively release these amino acids to potentially impact on flavour formation. The wort from enzyme treated mash was fermented by Saccharomyces pastorianus and the green beer was analysed by GC/MS. Treatment with proteases in laboratory scale mashing increased the level of leucine, isoleucine, valine, and phenylalanine by up to twofold. Fermentation of the wort, produced about 10% more isoamyl alcohol and 17% more isoamyl acetate derived from leucine, compared to the control.

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Biochemistry, Physiology, and Genetics of Endosperm Mobilization in Germinated Barley Grain

Cited by 21 publications

References 178 publications

Changes in cell wall polysaccharide composition, gene transcription and alternative splicing in germinating barley embryos

Changes in cell wall polysaccharide composition, gene transcription and alternative splicing in germinating barley embryos

Fertilisation and Fruit Development

Towards lager beer aroma improvement via selective amino acid release by proteases during mashing

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