Biochemistry of Amazonian Floodplain Trees

Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez; Ferreira, Cristiane Batisti; Wittmann, Astrid de Oliveira; Buckeridge, Marcos Silveira

doi:10.1007/978-90-481-8725-6_6

Cited by 30 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 56 publications

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“…The vegetated habitats contribute particulate organic carbon and DOC to the floodplains that can be decomposed in situ, generating CO 2 and CH 4 , buried in the sediments or transported laterally to the rivers (Engle et al, 2008;Melack & Engle, 2009;Melack & Forsberg, 2001;Richey et al, 1988Richey et al, , 1990. Additionally, they contribute CO 2 to floodplain waters via root respiration (Hamilton et al, 1995;Piedade, Ferreira, et al, 2010).…”

Section: Diel Seasonal and Spatial Variability Of Co 2 Concentratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide Fluxes to the Atmosphere From Waters Within Flooded Forests in the Amazon Basin

et al. 2020

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Inundated tropical forests are underrepresented in analyses of the global carbon cycle and constitute 80% of the surface area of aquatic environments in the lowland Amazon basin. Diel variations in CO2 concentrations and exchanges with the atmosphere were investigated from August 2014 to September 2016 in two flooded forests sites with different wind exposure within the central Amazon floodplain (3°23′S, 60°18′W). CO2 profiles and estimates of air–water gas exchange were combined with ancillary environmental measurements. Surface CO2 concentrations ranged from 19 to 329 μM, CO2 fluxes ranged from −0.8 to 55 mmol m−2 hr−1 and gas transfer velocities ranged from 0.2 to 17 cm hr−1. CO2 concentrations and fluxes were highest during the high water period. CO2 fluxes were three times higher at a site with more wind exposure (WE) compared to one with less exposure (WP). Emissions were higher at the WP site during the day, whereas they were higher at night at the WE site due to vertical mixing. CO2 concentrations and fluxes were lower at the W P site following an extended period of exceptionally low water. The CO2 flux from the water in the flooded forest was about half of the net primary production of the forest estimated from the literature. Mean daily fluxes measured in our study (182 ± 247 mmol m−2d−1) are higher than or similar to the few other measurements in waters within tropical and subtropical flooded forests and highlight the importance of flooded forests in carbon budgets.

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Section: Diel Seasonal and Spatial Variability Of Co 2 Concentratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbon Dioxide Fluxes to the Atmosphere From Waters Within Flooded Forests in the Amazon Basin

et al. 2020

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“…The annual and predictable flood pulse (Junk, Bayley & Sparks, ) regulates the patterns of plant diversity and composition, phenology and plant growth, as well as the dispersal processes of fruits and seeds of tree species in Central Amazonian floodplains (Piedade, Parolin & Junk,; Schöngart, Piedade, Ludwigshausen, Horna & Worbes,; Wittmann, Anhuf & Junk, ). The regularly occurring flood pulse during millions of years allowed tree species to develop diverse mechanisms of morphological and anatomical structures, as well as physiological and biochemical adaptations to survive under the anoxic conditions imposed by the long‐term flooding (Parolin et al., ; Piedade, Ferreira, de Oliveira Wittmann, Buckeridge & Parolin, ), resulting in the formation of annual tree rings (Schöngart et al., ; Worbes, Klinge, Revilla & Martius, ). Strong alterations of the flood‐pulse regime are observed in floodplains downstream of large hydroelectric dams (Assahira et al., ; Fearnside, ; Junk & de Mello, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of climatic and hydrological disturbances on blackwater floodplain forests in Central Amazonia

et al. 2019

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Extreme climatic events and anthropic disturbances affect the hydrological regime of Amazonian rivers and connected floodplain forests. This study aims to investigate the impacts of the Balbina hydroelectric power plant on the floodplain forests of the Uatumã River, in the Central Amazon. For this, tree age and diameter increment from the most abundant tree species of three different topographic levels were obtained and analyzed in the affected area downstream of the Balbina dam (Uatumã River) and compared to an undisturbed site (Abacate River, affluent) considering age structure and mean diameter increments between the topographic levels and the two systems. The occurrence of old trees is much lower at the disturbed site compared to the undisturbed system. Especially at the middle topography of the Uatumã site, we observed tree species with high mean diameter increment indicating a strong disturbance. We suggest that the disturbances may be associated with extreme hydro‐climatic events, such as extreme droughts that occurred during the El Niño years 1925/26 and 1982/83 and that these events may increase vulnerability of igapó floodplains to wildfires. Abstract in Portuguese is available with online material.

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“…A change in long‐term metabolism may only be observed in species that are highly tolerant to flooding, while physiological adjustments are more transient for species that can withstand short‐term flooding (Piedade et al. ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most wetland-adapted species have developed a variety of mechanisms, including morphological (emission of adventitious roots), anatomical (aerenchyma formation in roots) and physiological changes, which may be rapid or slow in response to flooding (Schl€ uter & Furch 1992;Kozlowski 1997;Ferreira 2006;Dalmolin et al 2012;Dalmagro et al 2013Dalmagro et al , 2014Kissmann et al 2014). A change in long-term metabolism may only be observed in species that are highly tolerant to flooding, while physiological adjustments are more transient for species that can withstand short-term flooding (Piedade et al 2011).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiological responses to extreme hydrological events in the Pantanal wetland: heterogeneity of a plant community containing super‐dominant species

Dalmagro

Lathuillière

Vourlitis

et al. 2016

J Vegetation Science

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Aims We tested two mechanisms of adaptation to extreme hydrological stresses (flooding and drought) of species making up a tropical wetland plant community by measuring leaf gas exchange and water potential. We hypothesized that anoxic conditions that occur during flooding will decrease leaf gas exchange when compared to the dry season, and that ‘super‐dominant’ species will have a distinctive physiological advantage when compared to other plants within the community. Location Northern Pantanal wetland, Private Natural Heritage Reserve of the Brazilian Social Service of Commerce (RPPN‐SESC Pantanal), Mato Grosso, Brazil. Methods Two periods representing typical extreme hydrological conditions in the Pantanal wetland were selected based on historical soil and meteorological measurements: (1) a drought period when plants experience stress due to soil moisture deficits during a dry season that persists for several months (May to Sept), and (2) a flooding period when oxidation‐reduction potential is negative for 30 d or more (Mar or Apr), indicating anoxic stress. Measurements of gas exchange and leaf water potential were made on seven species in drought and flood stress conditions. The seven species represent the majority of the plant community. Results As a whole, the plant community showed significantly lower potential net photosynthesis (PN) during flooding when soil oxidation‐reduction potential reached close to −900 mV when compared to the dry season, but the magnitude of the decline in PN was species specific. Not all super‐dominant species showed higher PN compared to non‐dominant species, but they did demonstrate higher stomatal conductance and transpiration leading to lower water use efficiency. The combination of higher PN despite low soil water content suggests that the plant community had access to deep water resources. This access was also confirmed by the midday leaf water potential, which was similar for the flood and dry seasons. Conclusions Results suggest that the plant community may have high physiological performance under a wide range of soil oxidation‐reduction potentials. Higher PN rates of super‐dominant species indicate a physiological advantage of these species in the different hydrological conditions.

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Biochemistry of Amazonian Floodplain Trees

Cited by 30 publications

References 56 publications

Carbon Dioxide Fluxes to the Atmosphere From Waters Within Flooded Forests in the Amazon Basin

Carbon Dioxide Fluxes to the Atmosphere From Waters Within Flooded Forests in the Amazon Basin

Impact of climatic and hydrological disturbances on blackwater floodplain forests in Central Amazonia

Physiological responses to extreme hydrological events in the Pantanal wetland: heterogeneity of a plant community containing super‐dominant species

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