Biochemistry and Physiology of Tapeworms

Read, Clark P.; Simmons, John E.

doi:10.1152/physrev.1963.43.2.263

Cited by 119 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…Similar interpretation was discussed in an early TEM paper by Świderski (1972) concerning functional ultrastructure of egg envelopes and hexacanths of Catenotaenia pusilla. The arguments supporting the role of lipids as an energy source are described by Read and Simmons (1963) on the basis of a decrease in the lipid amounts in the tissue of Hymenolepis diminuta during prolonged starvation. Similar relationships occur during the egg envelope differentiation in Mosgovoyia ctenoides , especially within the intraembryophoral layer of the inner envelope, where evident reduction in sizes and number of lipid droplets can be easily observed.…”

Section: Significance Of Lipid Occurrence In Egg Degenerating Vitellomentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of intrauterine eggs: Evidence of early ovoviviparity in the caryophyllidean cestode Wenyonia virilis Woodland, 1923

Młocicki¹,

Świderski²,

Mackiewicz

et al. 2010

Acta Parasitologica

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Ultrastructural evidence for early intraurerine embryonic development of Wenyonia virilis is presented. At the initial stage of egg formation, the fertilized oocyte or ovum is surrounded by numerous vitellocytes and newly formed eggshell. Individual vitellocytes undergo progressive fusion into a vitelline syncytium. During cleavage divisions, three types of blastomeres are formed: macromeres, mesomeres and micromeres. Two large macromeres contain a large nucleus with spherical nucleolus and numerous small heterochromatin islands dispersed in moderately electron-dense nucleoplasm. The granular cytoplasm shows a few large mitochondria. Medium-sized mesomeres contain a spherical nucleus with numerous heterochromatin islands, adjacent to the nuclear envelope, and a prominent electron-dense nucleolus. Their nuclei are embedded in granular cytoplasm with a few large and numerous small mitochondria and Golgi complexes. The small micromeres are characterized by presence of spherical nucleoli with large areas of highly condensed heterochromatin and a few islands of granular electron-lucent nucleoplasm. Their granular cytoplasm shows a few small lipid droplets and several spherical mitochondria. Majority of micromeres give rise to the hexacanth but many of them also undergo degeneration or apoptosis. Both mesomeres and macromeres are engaged in the formation of the oncospheral envelopes. The outer envelope is formed by a fusion of two macromeres whereas the inner envelope originates from a fusion of mesomeres. The intrauterine eggs of W. virilis usually contain an embryo at the early preoncopheral phase of development and possesses three primary envelopes: (1) thick eggshell; (2) thin cytoplasmic layer of the outer envelope and (3) inner envelope. Based on embryonic development, egg type and life-cycle characteristics, caryophyllideans tend to show closer affinities to spathebothriideans than to the former pseudophyllideans.

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Section: Significance Of Lipid Occurrence In Egg Degenerating Vitellomentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrastructure of intrauterine eggs: Evidence of early ovoviviparity in the caryophyllidean cestode Wenyonia virilis Woodland, 1923

Młocicki¹,

Świderski²,

Mackiewicz

et al. 2010

Acta Parasitologica

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“…Studies by Read (1951), Roberts (1961), Read and Simons (1963) and Roberts and Platzer (1967) have all shown that when hosts are subjected to low carbohydrate diet, adult Hymenolepis diminuta lose weight, have reduced numbers of mature and gravid proglottids, and show decreases in total tissue carbohydrate. Studies by Read (1951), Roberts (1961), Read and Simons (1963) and Roberts and Platzer (1967) have all shown that when hosts are subjected to low carbohydrate diet, adult Hymenolepis diminuta lose weight, have reduced numbers of mature and gravid proglottids, and show decreases in total tissue carbohydrate.…”

Section: Parasite Infrapopulations and Stressmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Analysis of the Relationship Between Stress and Parasitism

Esch¹,

Gibbons²,

Bourque³

1975

American Midland Naturalist

144

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JSTOR is a not-for-profit service that helps scholars, researchers, and students discover, use, and build upon a wide range of content in a trusted digital archive. We use information technology and tools to increase productivity and facilitate new forms of scholarship. For more information about JSTOR, please contact support@jstor.org.. The University of Notre Dame is collaborating with JSTOR to digitize, preserve and extend access to American Midland Naturalist.ABSTRACT: The impact of stress upon the dynamics of host and parasite populations is varied. It may be expressed physiologically or behaviorally in either the host or the parasite. The outcome of stress may be an increase or a decrease in natality and mortality which may then result in significant changes in the densities of the involved populations. At the ecosystem level, stress may be manifested either directly or indirectly on individuals or populations, but the outcome is change in natality or mortality and, hence, in the density of the affected species. The varied response to stressor input at the individual, population and ecosystem levels is dictated by the capacity for adaptability present at each level; the response may be modified, however, by the unique combination of environmental characteristics at the time of stressor input.

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“…Burrowing activity of the plerocercoid and resulting lysis of host cell membranes cause pathological symptoms such as inflammation, atrophy, necrosis, hyperaemia and haemorrhage and dropsy (Rosen, 1918; Scheuring, 1922; Kuperman, 1973; Schoettler, 1984; Hoffmann et al , 1986; Schäperclaus, 1990). Further damage may result from pressure on surrounding tissues as large larvae are encapsulated (Scheuring, 1922) and from osmotic and toxic stress (Read & Simmons, 1963; Schäperclaus, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evidence for negative impact of plerocercoid infection of Triaenophorus nodulosus on Perca fluviatilis L. stock in Upper Lake Constance, a water body undergoing rapid reoligotrophication

Brinker

Hamers

2007

Journal of Fish Biology

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The macro-pathological impact of plerocercoid infection of perch Perca fluviatilis livers was quantitatively determined by an index of liver lesion (I LL ) in fish from Upper Lake Constance (ULC). These results were compared to the I LL values of perch from two other lakes. From February to November 1999, 2071 perch were examined from the three sites. Prevalence of infection in ULC was 13% in actively growing first year (0þ year) perch and 94% in older fish, whereas in the two lakes used for comparison the figures for 0þ year perch were 12 and 20%, and in older fish 62 and 60%, respectively. Infected livers from perch caught in ULC revealed significantly higher I LL values than those of fish from the other two lakes. Perch livers from ULC containing more than three Triaenophorus nodulosus larvae also showed significantly more serious pathological alterations than uninfected livers or those with normal infection levels of one to three T. nodulosus. In all three lakes, excluding heavily infected perch from ULC, 0þ year perch livers revealed little or no damage, whereas in livers of older perch pathological alterations were apparent. In addition, analysis of age and total length data showed that perch infected with one to three parasites in ULC grew significantly slower than uninfected ones, and severely infected perch (greater than three parasites) grew significantly slower than those with a normal parasite load. With respect to mass, growth of ULC fish suffering normal infection (49% of all adults) was reduced by 9% and in those with severe infections (45% of all adults) growth was 16% below expected at normal harvesting age.

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Biochemistry and Physiology of Tapeworms

Cited by 119 publications

References 0 publications

Ultrastructure of intrauterine eggs: Evidence of early ovoviviparity in the caryophyllidean cestode Wenyonia virilis Woodland, 1923

Ultrastructure of intrauterine eggs: Evidence of early ovoviviparity in the caryophyllidean cestode Wenyonia virilis Woodland, 1923

An Analysis of the Relationship Between Stress and Parasitism

Evidence for negative impact of plerocercoid infection of Triaenophorus nodulosus on Perca fluviatilis L. stock in Upper Lake Constance, a water body undergoing rapid reoligotrophication

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