Biochemistry and Biomedical Applications of Spherical Nucleic Acids (SNAs)

Briley, Will; Halo, Tiffany L.; Randeria, Pratik S.; Alhasan, Ali H.; Auyeung, Evelyn; Hurst, Sarah J.; Mirkin, Chad A.

doi:10.1021/bk-2012-1119.ch001

Cited by 10 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…When the Nanoflare enters the cell after receptor-mediated endocytosis, cytoplasmic target RNA can bind to the complementary oligo, effectively releasing the small oligo with the dye. This release induces unquenching whereafter this signal can be visualized via live-cell fluorescence microscopy, making it possible to quantify RNA synthesis. , Building further on this concept, Briley et al designed the so-called sticky flares. Instead of releasing the dye in the cytoplasm, the dye is attached to the target RNA via a long complementary oligo.…”

Section: Labeling Methods For Sequence-specific Attachment Of Fluorop...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This release induces unquenching whereafter this signal can be visualized via live-cell fluorescence microscopy, making it possible to quantify RNA synthesis. 106,107 Building further on this concept, Briley et al 108 designed the so-called sticky flares. Instead of releasing the dye in the cytoplasm, the dye is attached to the target RNA via a long complementary oligo.…”

Section: Bioconjugate Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fluorescent Labeling of Plasmid DNA and mRNA: Gains and Losses of Current Labeling Strategies

2015

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7Live-cell imaging has provided the life sciences with insights into the cell biology and 8 dynamics. Fluorescent labeling of target molecules proves to be indispensable in this regard. In 9 this review, we focus on the current fluorescent labeling strategies for nucleic acids, and in 10 particular messenger RNA (mRNA) and plasmid DNA (pDNA), which are of interest to a broad 11 range of scientific fields. By giving a background of the available techniques and an evaluation 12 of the pros and cons, we try to supply scientists with all the information needed to come to an 13 informed choice of nucleic acid labeling strategy aimed at their particular needs. 14

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Section: Labeling Methods For Sequence-specific Attachment Of Fluorop...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Bioconjugate Chemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Labeling of Plasmid DNA and mRNA: Gains and Losses of Current Labeling Strategies

2015

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“…4 The properties of nanomaterials can be harnessed to achieve unique properties like targeting, biocompatibility, controlled drug delivery, and hyperthermia. 5,6 Nano-enabled hyperthermia can be achieved through treating cancerous cells with stimuli- responsive nanomaterials that act as antennas for heat generation upon applying an external stimulus such as near infrared (NIR) light, visible radiations, or alternating magnetic field. 7−13 Magnetic-field-based hyperthermia is being utilized extensively for deep tissue penetration while avoiding endogenous interferences.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Current therapies include surgery, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, immunotherapy, radiation intervention, and more recently nano-enabled hyperthermia . The properties of nanomaterials can be harnessed to achieve unique properties like targeting, biocompatibility, controlled drug delivery, and hyperthermia. , Nano-enabled hyperthermia can be achieved through treating cancerous cells with stimuli-responsive nanomaterials that act as antennas for heat generation upon applying an external stimulus such as near infrared (NIR) light, visible radiations, or alternating magnetic field. − …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Polymeric Reactor for the Synthesis of Superparamagnetic-Thermal Treatment of Breast Cancer

et al. 2019

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Engineered superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) have been studied extensively for their localized homogeneous heat generation in breast cancer therapy. However, challenges such as aggregation and inability to produce sub-10 nm SPIONs limit their potential in magnetothermal ablation. We report a facile, efficient, and robust in situ method for the synthesis of SPIONs within a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) reactor adsorbed onto reduced graphene oxide nanosheets (rGO) via the microwave hydrothermal route. This promising modality yields crystalline, stable, biocompatible, and superparamagnetic PEGylated SPION-rGO nanocomposites (NCs) with uniform dispersibility. Our findings show that rGO acts as a breeding ground for the spatially distributed nanosites around which the ferrihydrite seeds accumulate to ultimately transform into immobilized SPIONs. PEG, in parallel, acts as a critical confining agent physically trapping the accumulated seeds to prevent their aggregation and create multiple domains on rGO for the synthesis of quantum-sized SPIONs (9 ± 1 nm in diameter). This dual functionality (rGO and PEG) exhibits a pronounced effect on reducing both the aggregation and the sizes of fabricated SPIONs as confirmed by the scanning transmission electron microscopy images, dynamic light scattering analyses, and the specific absorption rates (SARs). Reduced aggregation lowered the toxicity of NCs, where PEGylated SPION-rGO NCs are more biocompatible than PEGylated SPIONs, showing no significant induction of cell apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane injury, or oxidative stress. Significantly less lactate dehydrogenase release and hence less necrosis are observed after 48 h exposure to high doses of PEGylated SPION-rGO NCs compared with PEGylated SPIONs. NCs induce local heat generation with a SAR value of 1760 ± 97 W/g, reaching up to 43 ± 0.3 °C and causing significant MCF-7 breast tumor cell ablation of about 78 ± 10% upon applying an external magnetic field. Collectively, rGO and PEG functionalities have a synergistic effect on improving the synthesis, stability, biocompatibility, and magnetothermal properties of SPIONs.

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“…Many nanotechnology-based systems, including those based on the detection of genetic markers of cancer, are being developed and explored as a way to meet these needs [5,6]. Cancerous cells are endowed with invasive properties through the unsilencing or overexpression of known oncogenes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanoflares as Probes for Cancer Diagnostics

Randeria

Briley

Chinen

et al. 2015

Cancer Treatment and Research

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Patients whose cancer is detected early are much more likely to have a positive prognosis and outcome. Nanoflares hold promise as a practical diagnostic platform for the early detection of cancer markers in living cells. These probes are based on spherical nucleic acid (SNAs) and are typically composed of gold nanoparticle cores and densely packed and highly oriented oligonucleotide shells; these sequences are complementary to specific mRNA targets and are hybridized to fluorophore-labeled reporter strands. Nanoflares take advantage of the highly efficient fluorescence quenching properties of gold, the rapid cellular uptake of SNAs that occurs without the use of transfection agents, and the enzymatic stability of such constructs to report a highly sensitive and specific signal in the presence of intracellular target mRNA. In this chapter, we will focus on the synthesis, characterization, and diagnostic applications of nanoflares as they relate to cancer markers.

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Biochemistry and Biomedical Applications of Spherical Nucleic Acids (SNAs)

Cited by 10 publications

References 86 publications

Fluorescent Labeling of Plasmid DNA and mRNA: Gains and Losses of Current Labeling Strategies

Fluorescent Labeling of Plasmid DNA and mRNA: Gains and Losses of Current Labeling Strategies

Polymeric Reactor for the Synthesis of Superparamagnetic-Thermal Treatment of Breast Cancer

Nanoflares as Probes for Cancer Diagnostics

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