Biochemical Variations of Serum Magnesium with Lipid Analytes in Different Clinical Groups of Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Hospital-based Cross-sectional Study

Abstract

Objective: Hypomagnesemia associated with dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been well documented globally by various researchers, as there found a paucity in related data for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), present observational hospital-based cross-sectional study was planned to estimate, correlate serum magnesium with lipid analytes in different clinical groups of both T1DM and T2DM, and validate its diagnostic significance. Materials and methods:The study comprised 250 subjects with random inclusion of 200 of both T1DM, T2DM, and 50 normoglycemic healthy controls. Based on medical history and clinical records of 52 T1DM and 148 T2DM clinical cases, they were subgrouped into group I-newly diagnosed, group II-stabilized controlled, and group III-with long course, uncontrolled with associated complications. Biochemical analyses of plasma glucose, serum total magnesium, total cholesterol, and triacylglycerol were analyzed, compared, and correlated statistically with each group and healthy controls. Results: Comparison and correlations of studied analytes in T1DM and T2DM groups of subgroups with healthy controls, clearly depicted biochemical variations of hypomagnesemia in overt hyperglycemic-hyperlipidemic clinical cases. Hypomagnesemia was inversely correlated with hypertriacylglycerolemia and hypercholesterolemia in hyperglycemic of both T1DM and T2DM with varied statistical significances in different clinical groups with (p < 0.001) in group III, (p < 0.01) in group I, and (p > 0.05) non-significant in group II. However, no statistical significance (p > 0.05) for analytes was noted between type 1 and type 2 of all subgroups. Conclusion: As biochemical variations of hypomagnesemia in overt hyperglycemic-hyperlipidemic type 1 and type 2 clinical cases of diabetes mellitus was depicted and correlated, it is recommended for clinicians to prescribe serum magnesium as a routine investigation of diabetes diagnostic profile for early screening, periodic monitoring, and better management with its supplementation to prevent long-standing critical diabetes complications.