Biochemical variables from Holstein‐Friesian calves older than one week are comparable to those obtained from adult animals of stable metabolic status on the same farm

Abstract

With the exception of AST and GGT activity, RI for standard biochemistry variables determined for adult cattle are likely to be valid for calves older than one week. However, special consideration is necessary for calves within their first week of life.

Blood gas and serum biochemical RIs for healthy newborn Murrah buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis)

“…Serum CREA concentrations decreased when comparing 0day-old buffalo calves with 15-, 30-, and 45-day-old buffalo calves, but were similar among the 15-, 30-, and 45-day-old buffalo calves. 4 Therefore, according to the literature, 12 Plasma GLU concentrations have been previously reported in 30day-old buffalo calves 4 , and the results were similar to those reported in our work. According to the literature 14 , GLU levels are higher in young animals because plasma growth hormone (GH) concentrations are higher at this age.…”

“…Serum CREA concentrations decreased when comparing 0‐day‐old buffalo calves with 15‐, 30‐, and 45‐day‐old buffalo calves, but were similar among the 15‐, 30‐, and 45‐day‐old buffalo calves . Therefore, according to the literature, CREA concentrations for calves older than 1 week are likely similar to those determined for adult cattle.…”

“…Serum urea concentrations were also previously reported in 30‐day‐old buffalo calves, and the results were also similar to our results. In bovines, studies show that serum urea concentrations are affected by age and are higher in adult animals . Lower urea concentrations in younger animals can be caused by an anabolic state, which is typical of rapid growth, and which leads to high fluid consumption and increased urine flow…”

“…In bovines, studies show that serum urea concentrations are affected by age and are higher in adult animals. 12 Lower urea concentrations in younger animals can be caused by an anabolic state, which is typical of rapid growth, and which leads to high fluid consumption and increased urine flow. 15 Serum iron concentrations are comparable between the animals in our study and newborn buffaloes (0-45 days old) in another study.…”

Detection of endotoxin in plasma of hospitalized diarrheic calves

“…Each hospitalized diarrheic calf was then categorized based on the presence or absence of the clinically relevant abnormality. For instance, hyper‐ l ‐lactatemia in calves was defined as a plasma [ l ‐lactate] > 2.5 mmol/L (22.5 mg/dL), hypoglycemia as plasma [glucose] < 3.5 mmol/L (65 mg/dL), increased USI as plasma [USI] < −2 mmol/L (−2 mEq/L), hypernatremia as plasma [Na + ] > 152 mmol/L (152 mEq/L), hyperphosphatemia as plasma [phosphorus] > 4.1 mmol/L (12.6 mg/dL), hypercalcemia as plasma [Ca 2+ ] > 2.5 mmol/L (4.4 mg/dL), hypermagnesemia as plasma [Mg 2+ ] > 1.1 mmol/L (2.6 mg/dL), increased urea concentration as [urea] > 3.6 mmol/L (10 mg/dL), and increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity as plasma [AST] > 42 IU/L . Differences in plasma [LPS] between the different groups were assessed using the Mann–Whitney U test.…”