Biochemical Tests and Staining Techniques for Microbial Identification

Wanger, Audrey; Chávez, Violeta; Huang, Richard S.P.; Wahed, Amer; Actor, Jeffrey K.; Dasgupta, Amitava

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-805351-5.00005-3

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Two sputum samples were obtained from each eligible patient, including the first morning sputum and second spot and/or morning sputum. Ziehl–Neelsen staining was used to differentiate acid‐fast bacilli [7].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated risk factors of drug‐resistant tuberculosis in Thailand: results from the fifth national anti‐tuberculosis drug resistance survey

Kamolwat

Nateniyom

Chaiprasert

et al. 2020

Tropical Med Int Health

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objective To assess the prevalence and risk factors of drug-resistant tuberculosis (TB), the fifth national anti-TB drug resistance survey was conducted in Thailand. methods A cross-sectional study was conducted by stratified cluster sampling with probability proportional to size of TB cases from public health facilities in 100 clusters throughout Thailand from August 2017 to August 2018. Susceptibility testing of TB isolates to first-and second-line anti-TB drugs was performed on Löwenstein-Jensen medium using the indirect proportion method. Multiple imputation was done for handling missing data using Stata 16. The proportion of TB cases with drug resistance was determined. The odds ratio was used to evaluate risk factors associated with drug-resistant TB. results Among 1501 new TB and 69 previously treated TB cases, 14.0% [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.1-16.1] and 33.4% (95% CI: 23.6-44.8), respectively, had resistance to any anti-TB drug. Multidrug-resistant TB accounted for 0.8% (95% CI: 0.5-1.4) of new TB cases and 13.0% (95% CI: 6.5-24.4) of previously treated TB cases. Drug-resistant TB was associated with prior TB treatment [odds ratio (OR), 2.9; 95% CI: 1.6-5.0], age at 45-54 years (OR, 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0-2.4), male (OR, 1.5; 95% CI: 1.0-2.1) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (OR, 1.6; 95% CI: 1.0-2.4). conclusions The burden of drug-resistant TB remains high in Thailand. Intensified prevention and control measures should be implemented to reduce the risks of drug-resistant TB in high-risk groups previously treated, especially individuals of late middle age, males and those with coinfection of TB and HIV. keywords Mycobacterium tuberculosis, drug susceptibility testing, prevalence, risk factors, Thailand Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs): SDG 3 (good health and well-being), SDG 17 (partnerships for the goals)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and associated risk factors of drug‐resistant tuberculosis in Thailand: results from the fifth national anti‐tuberculosis drug resistance survey

Kamolwat

Nateniyom

Chaiprasert

et al. 2020

Tropical Med Int Health

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“…This is in contrast to the similar study of Roberts et al, that used an environmental consortium of similar composition, and maybe associated with antagonistic effects amongst species [24]. The fact that Optimized 1 material showed a remarkable ability to adsorb basic, positively charged crystal violate (CV) stain [25], regardless of the presence of the microorganisms (Figure 4[b]), is evidence that the REX treatment induced bene cial surface changes which strongly diminish the bio-inert characteristics of LDPE, supporting a route towards effective sustainable post-consumer LDPE biodegradation.…”

Section: Optimization Of Ldpe Pretreatment Via Rex Techniquementioning

confidence: 65%

Rendering Bio-inert Low-Density Polyethylene Amenable for Biodegradation via Fast High Throughput Reactive Extrusion Assisted Oxidation

et al. 2022

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An energy e cient high throughput pre-treatment of low density polyethylene (LDPE) using a fast reactive extrusion (REX) assisted oxidation technique followed by bacterial attachment as an indicator for bioamenability was studied. Silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) was selected as a model oxidizing and catalytic reagent with the REX process demonstrated to be effective both in the presence and absence of the catalyst.Optimized 5-minute duration pretreatment conditions were determined using Box-Behnken design (BBD) with respect to screws speed, operating temperature, and concentration of SiO 2 . The crystallinity index, carbonyl index and weight loss (%) of LDPE were used as the studied responses for BDD. FTIR and DSC spectra of the residual LDPE obtained after pretreatment with the REX assisted oxidation technique showed a signi cant increase in residual LDPE carbonyl index from 0 to 1.04 and a decrease of LDPE crystallinity index from 29% to 18%. Up to 5-fold molecular weight reductions were also demonstrated using GPC. Optimum LDPE pretreatment with a duration of 5 minutes was obtained at low screw speed (50 rpm), operating temperature of 380-390 C and variable concentration of SiO 2 (0 and 2% (w/w))indicating that effective pretreatment can occur under noncatalytic and catalysed conditions. Bio lms were successfully formed on pretreated LDPE samples after 14 days of incubation.Furthermore, the technique proposed in this study is expected to provide a high throughput approach for pretreatment of pervasive recalcitrant PE based plastics to reduce their bio inertness.

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“…A pathognomonic finding that suggests the presence of fungi is mucinous tissue containing abundant eosinophilic granulocytes, indicative of an allergic process. [ 23 ] According to deShazo et al ., criteria for fungal infections, a thick, greasy, and darkish material originating from the antrum, with copious secretion of dark brown mucus are highly specific. [ 5 , 15 ] Sabouraud agar is considered the standard culture for identifying different types of fungi.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Endoscopic endonasal resection of a Drechslera hawaiiensis sphenoid fungal ball

Lara-Olivas,

Sangrador-Deitos,

Marian-Magaña

et al. 2023

Surgical Neurology International

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Background: Fungal infections should always be considered in difficult-to-treat paranasal sinus conditions. Sphenoid fungal balls are characterized by the presence of dense fungal masses in the sinus cavity without invasion of surrounding tissues. This case emphasizes the importance of accurate terminology and management and also highlights the involvement of rare pathogens such as Drechslera hawaiiensis. Diagnosis is typically based on imaging studies and intraoperative findings. Accurate identification of the pathogen is crucial. Fungal infections of the paranasal sinuses, including fungus balls, can present challenges in diagnosis and treatment. D. hawaiiensis, although infrequent, can cause potential life-threatening infections. Case Description: We present a 26-year-old non-HIV male patient who presented with nasal symptoms and mild headaches. The patient underwent an endoscopic exploration that revealed a soft, grayish lesion with a buttery consistency. Gross total resection was achieved and the lesion was identified as being caused by D. hawaiiensis; thus, intravenous antifungal treatment was given. Conclusion: Endoscopic surgery remains the preferred approach for disease control. Considering alternative treatments and exploring novel approaches are essential in managing complex pathologies in neurosurgical practice.

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Biochemical Tests and Staining Techniques for Microbial Identification

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence and associated risk factors of drug‐resistant tuberculosis in Thailand: results from the fifth national anti‐tuberculosis drug resistance survey

Prevalence and associated risk factors of drug‐resistant tuberculosis in Thailand: results from the fifth national anti‐tuberculosis drug resistance survey

Rendering Bio-inert Low-Density Polyethylene Amenable for Biodegradation via Fast High Throughput Reactive Extrusion Assisted Oxidation

Endoscopic endonasal resection of a Drechslera hawaiiensis sphenoid fungal ball

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