Biochemical Spectrum of Parathyroid Disorders Diagnosed at a Tertiary Care Setting

Preoperative Low Serum Magnesium Level is a Significant Predictive Factor for Postoperative Hypomagnesemia in Patients Who Underwent Parathyroidectomy for Primary Hyperparathyroidism

“…A highly significant negative correlation between serum calcium and magnesium levels in patients with PHPT was reported in a limited number of older studies 13,14 . Nevertheless, the association of serum magnesium, serum calcium, and PTH has been analyzed in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism 4,6,15,16 . Fang et al 4 studied the effect of PTH on serum magnesium levels in hemodialysis patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism.…”

Seizures in activating calcium‐sensing receptor antibodies positive autoimmune hypoparathyroidism and preponderance of steroids therapy: A case report

“…PTH maintains an adequate level of serum calcium in the serum by increasing bone resorption and increasing renal tubular calcium reabsorption and promoting phosphate excretion from the kidney 2 . In addition, PTH also activates 1 alpha‐hydroxylase enzyme in the kidney which activates vitamin D by hydroxylation at 1 position, the activated vitamin D then helps in the absorption of calcium from the small intestine 2 . Hypoparathyroidism can be primary hypoparathyroidism or secondary hypoparathyroidism, secondary causes of hypoparathyroidism includes thyroid surgery, cervical radiotherapy, genetic disorders (DiGeorge's syndrome, Bartter's syndrome, autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH) 1 and ADH 2), autoimmune diseases (autoimmune polyglandular syndrome), idiopathic, the disorder of magnesium metabolism, and destruction of the parathyroid gland due to iron deposits, copper deposit, or tumor metastases 3 …”

“…2 In addition, PTH also activates 1 alpha-hydroxylase enzyme in the kidney which activates vitamin D by hydroxylation at 1 position, the activated vitamin D then helps in the absorption of calcium from the small intestine. 2 Hypoparathyroidism can be primary hypoparathyroidism or secondary hypoparathyroidism, secondary causes of hypoparathyroidism includes thyroid surgery, cervical radiotherapy, genetic disorders (DiGeorge's syndrome, Bartter's syndrome, autosomal dominant hypocalcemia (ADH) 1 and ADH 2), autoimmune diseases (autoimmune polyglandular syndrome), idiopathic, the disorder of magnesium metabolism, and destruction of the parathyroid gland due to iron deposits, copper deposit, or tumor metastases. 3 Autoimmune hypoparathyroidism is mainly diagnosed by measuring serum PTH and calcium level, biopsy is not routinely done but can confirm the diagnosis.…”

“…The condition is characterized by decreased level of parathyroid hormone (PTH) and low serum calcium that can lead to clinical signs and symptoms 1 . PTH maintains an adequate level of serum calcium in the serum by increasing bone resorption and increasing renal tubular calcium reabsorption and promoting phosphate excretion from the kidney 2 . In addition, PTH also activates 1 alpha‐hydroxylase enzyme in the kidney which activates vitamin D by hydroxylation at 1 position, the activated vitamin D then helps in the absorption of calcium from the small intestine 2 .…”

Advances in the treatment of secondary and tertiary hyperparathyroidism

“…Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) refers to parathyroid gland hyperfunction caused by hyperplasia, neoplasia, or malignancy. Secondary hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) is a type of hypermetabolism caused by other diseases, like chronic renal failure ( 2 ), post-hemodialysis ( 3 ), kidney transplantation ( 4 ), and bariatric surgery ( 5 ) and leads to increased blood calcium from increased PTH reacting to low blood calcium levels. In tertiary hyperparathyroidism (THPT), long-term overstimulation of the parathyroids leads to the development of nodules due to the compensatory hyperfunction to spontaneous PTH incretion.…”