Biochemical screening of highly toxic aromatic contaminants in river sediment and comparison of sensitivity of biological model systems

Evaluation of planar halogenated and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in estuarine sediments using ethoxyresorufin‐O‐deethylase induction of H4IIE cells

“…The effects of PAH metabolites on cell DNA or their inhibition on EROD activity reaction were suggested as probable explanations. The rat hepatocyte cell line used here showed atypical dose-response curves for the whole extracts similar to that observed for the mouse cell line [8] and previously noted by Till et al [35]. Significant induction of chick embryo liver hepatocytes (P450 1A1) by PAHs without atypical dose-response behavior has been reported by Machala et al [36].…”

“…The dose-response curves for both the whole extracts and, to a lesser extent the PAH-only fractions, showed atypical curves characteristic of H4IIE-PAH behavior, which were previously described by Mátlová et al [8]. Though mouse aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase and EROD induction has been used successfully as a bioindicator of PAHs and PCDD/PCDFs [15][16][17], a decrease of induction was noted when using the mouse cell line at higher PAH concentrations [8]. The effects of PAH metabolites on cell DNA or their inhibition on EROD activity reaction were suggested as probable explanations.…”

“…The presence of PHHs and PAHs occurring together as mixtures complicates the risk assessment process [8,9]. In the environment, PHHs exist as complex mixtures of chemicals with relative patterns changing according to the contamination sources, environmental fate characteristics, and the toxicoki‐netics of the PHHs in individual species [10].…”

“…The H4IIE bioassay has also been used as a screening tool to map the extent and magnitude of contamination and to evaluate their relative risk [14–16]. Complicating risk assessment using the H4IIE bioassay for estuarine sediments, in particular those of Newark Bay, is the presence of high concentrations of complex mixtures of PAHs, some of which are also known to cause EROD induction and response in the bioassay [8,9,17,18]. Toxic equivalency factors determined individually for the induction potency of several PAHs (PAH‐TEFs) relative to 2,3,7,8‐TCDD have been reported by Willett et al [18] and may be used to estimate the contributions of PAHs to the cumulative induction load or overall toxic equivalency.…”

Validation of an in vitro cytotoxicity test for four heavy metals using cell lines derived from a green sea turtle (Chelonia mydas)

“…The inherent economic and ethical constraints associated with in vivo tests using live animals for cytotoxicity analysis have led to the preferred utilization of in vitro biological test systems such as cell lines derived from aquatic animal species (Keddy et al 1995;Mátlová et al 1995;Huuskonen et al 1998;Segner 1998;Olabarrieta et al 2001;Repett et al 2001;Choi and Oris 2003;Ní Shúilleabháin et al 2004;Segner 2004;Wang et al 2004;Gűlden et al 2005 ) commonly present and bioavailable in the aquatic environment. This paper describes the employment of the MTT [3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide] and CB (Coomassie Blue) assays for the examination of cytotoxic responses of these turtle cell lines following their exposure to the four selected metal salts.…”