Biochemical, physiological and body composition changes in patients with type 2 diabetes during Ramadan fasting

Abstract

The month of Ramadan, the 9 th month of the Islamic lunar calendar, is a holy month in the Muslim religion. During this period, Muslims must fast from dawn until sunset. The Holy Qur'an specifically exempts people with a medical reason from observing the fast, especially if this can have negative consequences on their health. [1] During the fasting, diabetic patients, because of their pathology, are exposed to an increased risk of hypoglycemia, loss of diabetes control, dehydration (especially in summer) and thromboembolic complications. Also, there are disturbances of chronobiology due to a change in the daily rhythm, marked by frequent disturbances in sleep, and a nocturnal diet. Because of all this, it is recommended for patients with T2DM who are uncontrolled, unstable, or have diabetes-related complications to avoid fasting. [1,2] Some patients proceed with fasting despite their physician's disagreement and the presence of a religious exemption. [1] We aimed to study the consequences of fasting and changes in eating habits on certain clinical and biological parameters in a group of diabetic patients compared to a control group and to derive some recommendations based on the results obtained. suBjEcts and MEthods Study designWe conducted an observational, descriptive and comparative study. We included 31 subjects divided into two groups: group 1 composed of 15 patients with T2DM, recruited from patients attending the National Institute of Nutrition in

Impact of Ramadan on Physical Activity and Sleeping Patterns in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes: The First Study Using Fitbit Device

“…Although the current study did not detect significant differences in the participants' activities between periods, physical activity during Ramadan was slightly higher than in the after Ramadan period. A similar finding has been reported by Sfar et al [58], who showed a non-significant increase in physical activity of Tunisian individuals with T2DM during Ramadan compared to the pre-Ramadan period. In addition, the total activity measured by IPAQ showed a significant increase during Ramadan in this study compared to the after Ramadan period, but with small effect size.…”

Influence of Ramadan Fasting on Hemoglobin A1C, Lipid Profile, and Body Mass Index among Type 2 Diabetic Patients in Najran City, Saudi Arabia

“…However, one study reported an increase in LDL and a decrease in HDL [42]. Our study showed an increase in HDL levels compared with pre-Ramadan level of HDL, which agrees with different studies reported for other populations [12], [43], [44]. Overall positive effects of Ramadan on lipid profile in Type 2 diabetic patients have been observed in the current study.…”

“…Khafaji et al reported an increase in triglycerides (TG) and a decrease in the level of total cholesterol (TC) [11]. Hadi et al on the other hand found an increase in the level of cholesterol and no effect on the level of TG [12]. However, some other studies found no change or found only decreased levels of cholesterol during fasting [11], [13].…”

Descriptive Regional Subanalysis of a Real-World Study in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Gliclazide MR During Fasting: DIA-RAMADAN

“…A recent meta-analysis compared nutritional data from four studies conducted in different regions [ 24 ]. Studies from the Greater Middle East region (Algeria and Tunisia) reported increased fat intake and decreased carbohydrate consumption during Ramadan [ 25 , 26 ]. Studies from South-East Asian countries showed increased and decreased fat intake during Ramadan in Singapore and Indonesia, respectively [ 27 , 28 ].…”