Biochemical pathways and targeted therapies in basal cell carcinoma: A systematic review

Abstract

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common type of human malignancy. It is a slow-growing skin cancer with little ability to metastasize, but it is aggressive and can cause local tissue destruction. Descriptions of Basal Cell Nevus Syndrome (BCNS), characterized by a predisposition to the formation of BCC and other neoplasms, and identification of the genetic defect in this syndrome, has led to significant advancement in our understanding of the pathogenesis of BCC. Unregulated expression of target genes in the sonic Hedgehog (SHH) signaling pathway plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of BCC. An understanding of the signaling components has allowed for the development of pharmacologic agents that inhibit the SHH pathway. The first inhibitor of the SHH pathway approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the treatment of BCC is vismodegib. In this review, we will discuss the biochemical pathways involved in BCC as targets of novel pharmacologic therapies.

Inequalities in financing of healthcare in India

“…Apart from being a life-threatening disease, cancer poses a great burden on the finances of the family. The drugs are exorbitantly costly (no generic anti-cancer drugs are available) and adjuvant procedures such as bone marrow transplant, surgeries and hormonal therapy are even more costly [5] . However, despite of difficulties that cancer patients face, very few hospitals provide quality care at low price to such patients -often with the help of non-governmental organizations.…”