Biochemical Marker of Use Is a Better Predictor of Outcomes Than Self‐Report Metrics in a Contingency Management Smoking Cessation Analog Study

McPherson, Sterling; Packer, Robert R.; Cameron, J. M.; Howell, Donelle

doi:10.1111/j.1521-0391.2013.12059.x

Cited by 22 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…HSI and non‐HSI) and their effect sizes were similar to FTCD; therefore, for economy, it might be better to use the HSI, composed of only two items, for assessing cigarette dependency in pregnant smokers. The finding that lower expired CO levels predicted cessation is consistent with the previous finding for saliva cotinine 28, another biochemical marker of abstinence, and for CO levels predicting abstinence at 6 months postpartum 51, as well as with findings for non‐pregnant smokers 34. The finding for number of cigarettes smoked per day is consistent with the results of lower number of cigarettes smoked per day before pregnancy predicting cessation 18.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…As a demonstration of predictive validity, we expect that higher scores of these measures would be associated inversely with cessation. The most widely used measure of cigarette dependence is the FTCD 30, 31, 32, 33, while the biochemical marker of expired carbon monoxide (CO) 34, 35 and urge to smoke 36, 37 are also used commonly to measure dependence. The Heaviness of Smoking Index HSI 38, composed of two items from the FTCD (time to first cigarette of the day and number of cigarettes usually smoked per day), has been shown to predict failure of quit attempts in non‐pregnant smokers in both population‐based 24, 37 and clinical studies 27, 31, 32, 39.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Which measures of cigarette dependence are predictors of smoking cessation during pregnancy? Analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2016

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AimsTo examine the ability of different common measures of cigarette dependence to predict smoking cessation during pregnancy.DesignSecondary analysis of data from a parallel‐group randomized controlled trial of physical activity for smoking cessation. The outcomes were biochemically validated smoking abstinence at 4 weeks post‐quit and end‐of‐pregnancy.SettingWomen identified as smokers in antenatal clinics in 13 hospital trusts predominantly in southern England, who were recruited to a smoking cessation trial.ParticipantsOf 789 pregnant smokers recruited, 784 were included in the analysis.MeasurementsUsing random‐effect logistic regression models, we analysed the effects of baseline measures of cigarette dependence, including numbers of cigarettes smoked daily, Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence (FTCD) score, the two FTCD subscales of Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI) and non‐Heaviness of Smoking Index (non‐HSI), expired carbon monoxide (CO) level and urges to smoke (strength and frequency) on smoking cessation. Associations were adjusted for significant socio‐demographic/health behaviour predictors and trial variables, and area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to determine the predictive ability of the model for each measure of dependence.FindingsAll the dependence variables predicted abstinence at 4 weeks and end‐of‐pregnancy. At 4 weeks, the adjusted odds ratio (OR) (95% confidence interval) for a unit standard deviation increase in FTCD was 0.59 (0.47–0.74), expired CO = 0.54 (0.41–0.71), number of cigarettes smoked per day 0.65 (0.51–0.84) and frequency of urges to smoke 0.79 (0.63–0.98); at end‐of‐pregnancy they were: 0.60 (0.45–0.81), 0.55 (0.37–0.80), 0.70 (0.49–0.98) and 0.69 (0.51–0.94), respectively. HSI and non‐HSI exhibited similar results to the full FTCD.ConclusionsFour common measures of dependence, including number of cigarettes smoked per day, scores for Fagerström Test of Cigarette Dependence and frequency of urges and level of expired CO, all predicted smoking abstinence in the short term during pregnancy and at end‐of‐pregnancy with very similar predictive validity.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Which measures of cigarette dependence are predictors of smoking cessation during pregnancy? Analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial

et al. 2016

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“…The FTND has been correlated with physiological measures of nicotine dependence (e.g. CO, cotinine) and is often used as a putative measure of nicotine dependence (Packer et al, 2012;McPherson et al, 2014).…”

Section: Self-report Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Self-reported smoking effects and comparative value between cigarettes and high dose e-cigarettes in nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers

McPherson

Howell

Lewis

et al. 2016

Behavioural Pharmacology

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The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the comparative value of cigarettes versus high dose e-cigarettes among nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers when compared with money or use of their usual cigarette brand. The experiment used a within-subject design with four sessions. After baseline assessment, participants attended two 15-min unrestricted smoking sessions: one cigarette smoking session and one e-cigarette smoking session. Participants then attended two multiple-choice procedure (MCP) sessions: a session comparing cigarettes and money and a session comparing e-cigarettes and money. Participants (n=27) had used cigarettes regularly, had never used e-cigarettes, and were not currently attempting to quit smoking. The sample consisted primarily of males (72%), with a mean age of 34 years. When given the opportunity to choose between smoking a cigarette or an e-cigarette, participants chose the cigarette 73.9% of the time. Findings from the MCP demonstrated that after the first e-cigarette exposure sessions, the crossover value for cigarettes ($3.45) was significantly higher compared with the crossover value for e-cigarettes ($2.73). The higher participant preference, self-reported smoking effects, and higher MCP crossover points indicate that cigarettes have a higher comparative value than high dose e-cigarettes among e-cigarette naive smokers.

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“…We have developed extensive tracking procedures to reduce missing data, which will be handled in a manner consistent with current expert recommendations, some of which our team has contributed to [21,25,58–60]. Maximum likelihood or multiple imputation “missing not at random” approaches, We will utilize missing at random approaches in combination with GEE in order to overcome the problematic default of GEE’s procedure for handling missing data.…”

Section: Analytic Planmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a randomized controlled trial to test whether modifications to contingency management improve outcomes for heavy drinkers with serious mental illness

Oluwoye

Skalisky

Burduli

et al. 2018

Contemporary Clinical Trials

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Background In contingency management (CM), individuals receive rewards for alcohol abstinence. CM is associated with reduced alcohol use in adults with co-occurring serious mental illnesses (SMI). Pre-treatment urine ethyl glucuronide (uEtG) levels equivalent to daily heavy drinking (uEtG > 349 ng/mL) are associated with poor response to CM. Modifications to CM are needed to improve outcomes for non-responders. Aims To determine if pre-treatment heavy drinkers, defined by uEtG, with SMI achieve higher levels of alcohol abstinence when they receive an increased magnitude of reinforcement for abstinence (High-Magnitude CM) or reinforcers for reduced drinking, prior to receiving reinforcers for abstinence (Shaping CM), relative to those who receive typical low-magnitude abstinence based CM (Usual CM). Additionally, variables in the Addictions Neuroclinical Assessment model will be examined as treatment response moderators. Methods Participants (N = 400) will be recruited from two urban mental health organizations and complete a 4-week induction period where they will be reinforced for submitting samples for uEtG testing. Participants who attain a mean uEtG > 349 mg/mL will be randomized to receive either Usual CM, High-Magnitude CM, or Shaping CM for 16 weeks. Differences in abstinence, assessed by uEtG, will be examined during treatment and during a 12-month follow-up. Measures of negative emotionality, alcohol reinforcer salience, and executive functioning will be gathered at study intake and used to predict treatment outcomes. Discussion This novel approach to CM will use an alcohol biomarker to identify those at risk for treatment non-response and determine if adaptations to CM might improve outcomes for this group.

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Biochemical Marker of Use Is a Better Predictor of Outcomes Than Self‐Report Metrics in a Contingency Management Smoking Cessation Analog Study

Abstract: Cotinine could be more informative for tailoring behavioral treatments compared to self-report measures.

Cited by 22 publications

References 28 publications

Which measures of cigarette dependence are predictors of smoking cessation during pregnancy? Analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial

Which measures of cigarette dependence are predictors of smoking cessation during pregnancy? Analysis of data from a randomized controlled trial

Self-reported smoking effects and comparative value between cigarettes and high dose e-cigarettes in nicotine-dependent cigarette smokers

Using a randomized controlled trial to test whether modifications to contingency management improve outcomes for heavy drinkers with serious mental illness

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