Biochemical investigation into the wall collapse of wheat leaf cells caused by wheat streak mosaic virus infection

Kofalvi, S. A.; Gao, Jianguo; Nassuth, Annette

doi:10.1006/pmpp.1995.1066

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…These numerous textural cell compounds can be degraded by virus-induced upregulation of corresponding enzymes like pectin methylesterase, which causes cell structures to become unstable, cell walls to become porous or the water regulation in the plants to be affected. Cell wall stabilizing elements such as calcium concentration can also be affected by a viral infection [39][40][41][42][43]. In our studies, we observed large swollen cells in ZYMV-infected cucumbers.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Softening of Processed Plant Virus Infected Cucumis sativus L. Fruits

et al. 2021

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Texture softening of pickled cucumbers does not meet consumers’ quality expectations and leads to economic losses. The factor(s) triggering this phenomenon is still unknown. We investigated the importance of plant viruses such as Cucumber green mottle mosaic tobamovirus (CGMMV) and Zucchini yellow mosaic potyvirus (ZYMV) in the context of softening of pickles. Cucumber plants (Cucumis sativus) were infected by mechanical inoculation, grown under greenhouse conditions and tested positive for the viral infection by ELISA. The severity of virus infection was reflected in yield and symptom expression. Histological and morphological alterations were observed. All fruits were pasteurized, separately stored in jars and subjected to texture measurements after four, six and 12 months. CGMMV-infections were asymptomatic or caused mild symptoms on leaves and fruit, and texture quality was comparable to control. At the same time, fruits of ZYMV-infected plants showed severe symptoms like deformations and discoloration, as well as a reduction in firmness and crunchiness after pasteurization. In addition, histological alterations were detected in such fruits, possibly causing textural changes. We conclude that plant viruses could have a considerable influence on the firmness and crunchiness of pickled cucumbers after pasteurization. It is possible that the severity of symptom expression has an influence on texture properties.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 55%

Softening of Processed Plant Virus Infected Cucumis sativus L. Fruits

et al. 2021

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“…Gel diffusion assays-Tissue samples from leaves at developmental stages 1-5 were ground to powder in liquid nitrogen and incubated for 1 h at 48C in two volumes of 50 mM sodium acetate and pH 5.0 buffer containing 10 mM EDTA and 3 mM b-mercaptoethanol. The soluble fraction was collected following 10 min centrifugation at 8000 3 g (modified from Kofalvi et al, 1995). The final gel matrix consisted of 50 mM sodium acetate buffer pH 5.5 with 0.7% phytagel as solidifying agent and with 0.05% cellulose (b-1,4glucan, Sigma C-5678), 0.2% pectin (polygalacturanic acid methyl ester from citric fruits, Sigma P 9135), or glucuroarabinoxylan (b-1,4-xylan backbone with arabinose and glucose side-chains containing 70-75% xylose, 41% arabinose, 15% glucose; from oat spelts, Sigma X-0627) or xylose (99% xylan from birchwood, Sigma X-0502) as the substrate.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cell wall degradation and modification during programmed cell death in lace plant, Aponogeton madagascariensis (Aponogetonaceae)

Gunawardena

Greenwood

Dengler

2007

American J of Botany

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An unusual form of leaf morphogenesis occurs in the aquatic, lace plant, Aponogeton madagascariensis (Aponogetonaceae). Early in development, discrete patches of cells undergo programmed cell death (PCD) and form perforations during leaf expansion. In addition to the protoplasts, walls of the dying cells are degraded during PCD. The cuticle of the perforation site is eroded first, followed by dissolution of cell wall matrix components, so that walls appear as loose fibrillar networks as perforations form. Gel diffusion assays of wall-degrading enzyme activity indicated that pectinases are active throughout leaf development, while cellulase activity was restricted to early stages of perforation formation. Alcian blue staining showed that degrading walls remain rich in pectin, and immunolocalization of pectin epitopes indicated that the proportions of esterified and de-esterifed pectins do not change significantly. Walls of perforation border cells are modified by suberin deposition late in development, and reactive oxygen species, thought to have a role in polymerization of phenolic suberin monomers, are present at the same stage. This timing suggests that suberization may limit the spread of PCD and provide an apoplastic barrier against microbial invasion but does not initiate PCD.

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“…Wheat cell wall strengthening is reinforced by ester-linked phenolic acidsÑ primarily ferulic acidÑin cellulose and hemicellulose chains (Iiyama et al 1990, Scalbert et al 1985, Sun et al 2002. However, WSMV infection compromises cell wall phenolic acid cross-linking (Kofalvi et al 1995). Wheat curl mite feed mainly on cell content, and therefore hyper-susceptibility, as observed with Ike, may lead to greater leaf cell wall collapse, rendering plant leaves less suitable for wheat curl mite exploitation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Wheat Curl Mite Resistance: Interactions of Mite Feeding With Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Infection

et al. 2011

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The majority of plant viruses are dependent on arthropod vectors for spread between plants. Wheat streak mosaic virus (family Potyviridae, genus Tritimovirus, WSMV) is transmitted by the wheat curl mite, Aceria tosichella Keifer, and this virus and vector cause extensive yield losses in most major wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-growing regions of the world. Many cultivars in use are susceptible to this vector-virus complex, and yield losses of 10-99% have been documented. wheat curl mite resistance genes have been identified in goat grass, Aegilops tauschii (Coss) Schmal., and transferred to hexaploid wheat, but very few varieties contain effectively wheat curl mite resistance, due to virulent wheat curl mite populations. However, wheat curl mite resistance remains an effective strategy to reduce losses due to WSMV. The goal of our project was to identify the most effective, reproducible, and rapid method for assessing wheat curl mite resistance. We also wanted to determine whether mite resistance is affected by WSMV infection, because the pathogen and pest commonly occur together. Single and group wheat curl mite infestations produced similar amounts of leaf rolling and folding on wheat curl mite-susceptible wheat varieties that were independent of initial wheat curl mite infestation. This finding will allow accurate, efficient, large-scale screening of wheat germplasm for wheat curl mite resistance by infesting plants with sections of wheat leaf tissue containing mixed stages of wheat curl mite. The wheat curl mite-resistant breeding line 'OK05312' displayed antibiosis (reduced wheat curl mite population development). The effect of WSMV infection on wheat curl mite reproduction was genotype-dependent. Mite populations increased on infected wheat curl mite- and WSMV-susceptible plants compared with uninfected plants, but WSMV infection had no significant effect on wheat curl mite populations on resistant plants. OK05312 is a strong source of wheat curl mite resistance for wheat breeding programs.

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Biochemical investigation into the wall collapse of wheat leaf cells caused by wheat streak mosaic virus infection

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Softening of Processed Plant Virus Infected Cucumis sativus L. Fruits

Softening of Processed Plant Virus Infected Cucumis sativus L. Fruits

Cell wall degradation and modification during programmed cell death in lace plant, Aponogeton madagascariensis (Aponogetonaceae)

Wheat Curl Mite Resistance: Interactions of Mite Feeding With Wheat Streak Mosaic Virus Infection

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