Biochemical imaging of normal, adenoma, and colorectal adenocarcinoma tissues by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and morphological correlation by histopathological analysis: preliminary results

Abstract

Introduction:The colorectal cancer is a major health problem worldwide. Histology is considered the gold standard for differential diagnosis. However, it depends on the observer's experience, which can lead to discrepancies and poor results. Spectroscopic imaging by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) is a technique that may be able to improve the diagnosis, because it is based on biochemical differences of the structural constituents of tissue. Therefore, the main goal of this study was to explore the use of FTIR imaging technique in normal colon tissue, colorectal adenoma, and adenocarcinoma in order to correlate their morphological structures with their biochemical imaging. Methods: Samples were collected from normal (n = 4), adenoma (n = 4), and adenocarcinoma human colorectal tissue (n = 4) from patients undergoing colonoscopy or surgical resection of colon lesions. The samples were sectioned with a cryostat in sequential sections; the fi rst slice was placed on CaF 2 slide and the second slice was placed on glass slide for histological analysis (HE staining). The cluster analyses were performed by the software Cytospec (1.4.02) . Results: In normal samples, biochemical analysis classifi ed six different structures, namely the lamina propria of mucous glands (epithelial cells and goblet cells), central lumen of the gland, mucin, and conjunctive tissue. In samples with adenoma and adenocarcinoma, altered regions could also be identifi ed with high sensitivity and specifi city. Conclusion: The results of this study demonstrate the potential and viability of using infrared spectroscopy to identify and classify colorectal tissues.

Discrimination of Healthy and Cancerous Colon Cells Based on FTIR Spectroscopy and Machine Learning Algorithms

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Colorectal Cancer and Colitis Diagnosis Using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and an Improved K-Nearest-Neighbour Classifier

“…Therefore, molecular spectroscopes are promising tools to detect cancer-related chemical changes at an early stage [ 1 ]. In particular, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), a popular tool in modern analytical chemistry labs, provides rich information about the bio-molecules that act as building blocks in tissues and cells [ 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ]. Existing clinical diagnosis requires taking biopsy via endoscope, which causes pain and requires lengthy pathological exams.…”

Blood-Based FTIR Spectroscopy as a Minimally Invasive Diagnostic Method for Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

“…FTIR spectroscopy has been extensively studied for detecting CRC and other neoplasms using colonic tissue samples [20][21][22]. In this study, we investigated its potential to detect CRC using blood-based specimens.…”