Biochemical, hematological and histopathological evaluation of the toxicity potential of the leaf extract of Stachytarpheta cayennensis in rats

Abstract

Background and Aim The many pharmacological potentials of Stachytarpheta cayennensis (L.C. Rich) Vahl, especially in managing central nervous system disorders, hypertension, diabetes and infections, have made it a subject of abuse, necessitating the need to ascertain its safety. This study therefore investigated the toxic effects of the leaf extract of S. cayennensis in rats following acute and 28-day repeated doses in male and female rats. Experimental procedure Acute and repeated dose studies were conducted in male and female groups of rats (135–150 g), using OECD 423 and 407 Tests guidelines respectively. Functional observational battery, and body weights were monitored. Blood samples were analysed for haematological and plasma biochemical indices. Organs (brain, kidneys and liver) specimen were collected and weighed. Kidney and liver specimen were subjected to histopathological analysis. Results and conclusion The LD 50 of the extract was greater than 5000 mg/kg, p.o. (24 h) suggesting that the extract may be non-toxic. However, following single and repeated doses, the results revealed varying degree of significant (p < 0.05) changes in biochemical and heamatological indices, as well as in relative body weight and organ-body and organ-brain weight ratios. Also, histological assessment revealed evidence of liver and kidney toxicities and recovery was incomplete, as signs of toxicities were still evident after 21 days of recovery. Therefore, the extract is potentially harmful to vital organs with evidence of sex differential adverse effects and non-reversible forms of toxicity, especially with repeated usage, necessitating the need to avoid indiscriminate use.

Toxicological study of aqueous-methanol solvent fraction of methanol extract of Dacryodes edulis leaves

“…Experimental evidences have shown that exposure to certain plants, drugs, and compounds significantly alter haematological parameters. Thus, it is an important index of toxicity with high predictive potential for human toxicity [ 35 ]. The result of this study indicated that there was no significant (p > 0.05) alteration in most of the haematological indices (WBC, LYMPH, MID, GRAN, MCV, MCH, RDW, PLT, MPV, PDW, and PCT) studied except for erythrocytic indices, HGB, RBC, and HCT which showed a marginal but significant (p < 0.05) decline in the group treated with the highest dose of 600 mg/kgbw ( Table 3 ).…”

In vivo and in silico studies of Dennettia tripetala essential oil reveal the potential harmful effects of habitual consumption of the plant seed

“…Single-dose toxicity profiling was carried out in line with OECD guidelines 423 [ 19 ] as earlier reported [ 18 , 20 ]. In this study, four groups of rats containing randomly selected 6 rats per group were orally administered 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg body weight of emulsified EODS and 5% v/v Tween 80 (control) after an overnight fast.…”

“…In this study, four groups of rats containing randomly selected 6 rats per group were orally administered 250, 500, 1000 mg/kg body weight of emulsified EODS and 5% v/v Tween 80 (control) after an overnight fast. Monitoring of weights and FOB by cage side observation were as previously described [ 18 , 20 ].…”

“…The repeated dose toxicity profiling was conducted in accordance with the 28 days repeated dose OECD TG 407 [ 21 ] as previously reported [ 18 , 20 ]. Forty-eight (48) rats were randomly allotted into four groups of 12 rats each and daily orally administered with 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/kg body weight of emulsified EODS and 5% v / v Tween 80 for control, respectively, for 28 days.…”

Mercuric Chloride induced Oxidative Stress, Genotoxicity, Haematological Changes and Histopathological Alterations in Fish Channa Punctatus (Bloch, 1793).

“…The liver and kidney are the primary organs responsible for the regulation of metabolic pathways, maintenance of body equilibrium and detoxi cation (Awasthi et al, 2018;Kumar et al, 2019;Ratn et al, 2018) therefore, mercury can affect these organs severely and impair their functional role by interfering with key physiological and metabolic processes. Assessment of different biomarkers in blood is an imperative and sensitive index, they play a crucial role in toxicological studies, the obtained experimental data help in clinical correlation (Olayode et al, 2020;Perveen et al, 2019).…”