Abstract:The study of fish digestive biochemistry is essential to understand factors that affect the net efficiency of food transformation and growth, and therefore aquaculture profitability. The aim of the present study was to assess the activity and functional characteristics of key digestive enzymes in juveniles of greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili), as well as the possible modulation of their relative importance by water temperature. For that, a combination of biochemical assays and substrate-SDS-PAGE were used. … Show more
“…In the upper GI regions, this distribution is mainly driven by the acidic conditions (luminal pH < 3), coupled with the high concentrations of host secretions (e.g. antimicrobial effectors, bile acids, pancreatic [5] and dissected guts of adult Drosophila [6], honeybee [7] and Seriola dumerilii [8]. The different gut regions are labelled in each figure.…”
Section: Anatomymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…pH, redox potential, oxygen availability, antimicrobial compounds) along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are crucial regulators of microbial homeostasis, shaping the composition, density and colonization rate of gut microbiome across vertebrate and invertebrate taxa ( figure 1 a and table 1 ). Figure 1 ( a ) Differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) image of the body of C. elegans [ 5 ] and dissected guts of adult Drosophila [ 6 ], honeybee [ 7 ] and Seriola dumerilii [ 8 ]. The different gut regions are labelled in each figure.…”
Section: Anatomymentioning
confidence: 99%
“… ( a ) Differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) image of the body of C. elegans [ 5 ] and dissected guts of adult Drosophila [ 6 ], honeybee [ 7 ] and Seriola dumerilii [ 8 ]. The different gut regions are labelled in each figure.…”
Millions of years of co-evolution between animals and their associated microbial communities have shaped and diversified the nature of their relationship. Studies continue to reveal new layers of complexity in host–microbe interactions, the fate of which depends on a variety of different factors, ranging from neutral processes and environmental factors to local dynamics. Research is increasingly integrating ecosystem-based approaches, metagenomics and mathematical modelling to disentangle the individual contribution of ecological factors to microbiome evolution. Within this framework, host factors are known to be among the dominant drivers of microbiome composition in different animal species. However, the extent to which they shape microbiome assembly and evolution remains unclear. In this review, we summarize our understanding of how host factors drive microbial communities and how these dynamics are conserved and vary across taxa. We conclude by outlining key avenues for research and highlight the need for implementation of and key modifications to existing theory to fully capture the dynamics of host-associated microbiomes.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization’.
“…In the upper GI regions, this distribution is mainly driven by the acidic conditions (luminal pH < 3), coupled with the high concentrations of host secretions (e.g. antimicrobial effectors, bile acids, pancreatic [5] and dissected guts of adult Drosophila [6], honeybee [7] and Seriola dumerilii [8]. The different gut regions are labelled in each figure.…”
Section: Anatomymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…pH, redox potential, oxygen availability, antimicrobial compounds) along the gastrointestinal (GI) tract are crucial regulators of microbial homeostasis, shaping the composition, density and colonization rate of gut microbiome across vertebrate and invertebrate taxa ( figure 1 a and table 1 ). Figure 1 ( a ) Differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) image of the body of C. elegans [ 5 ] and dissected guts of adult Drosophila [ 6 ], honeybee [ 7 ] and Seriola dumerilii [ 8 ]. The different gut regions are labelled in each figure.…”
Section: Anatomymentioning
confidence: 99%
“… ( a ) Differential interference contrast microscopy (DIC) image of the body of C. elegans [ 5 ] and dissected guts of adult Drosophila [ 6 ], honeybee [ 7 ] and Seriola dumerilii [ 8 ]. The different gut regions are labelled in each figure.…”
Millions of years of co-evolution between animals and their associated microbial communities have shaped and diversified the nature of their relationship. Studies continue to reveal new layers of complexity in host–microbe interactions, the fate of which depends on a variety of different factors, ranging from neutral processes and environmental factors to local dynamics. Research is increasingly integrating ecosystem-based approaches, metagenomics and mathematical modelling to disentangle the individual contribution of ecological factors to microbiome evolution. Within this framework, host factors are known to be among the dominant drivers of microbiome composition in different animal species. However, the extent to which they shape microbiome assembly and evolution remains unclear. In this review, we summarize our understanding of how host factors drive microbial communities and how these dynamics are conserved and vary across taxa. We conclude by outlining key avenues for research and highlight the need for implementation of and key modifications to existing theory to fully capture the dynamics of host-associated microbiomes.
This article is part of the theme issue ‘Sculpting the microbiome: how host factors determine and respond to microbial colonization’.
“…The study of fish digestive biochemistry is essential to understand factors that affect the net efficiency of food transformation and growth, and therefore aquaculture profitability (Navarro-Guillén et al, 2022) Information of exact enzyme activities, habit of animal as well as digestive process have significance in the formulation of suitable feed of any type of organism (Candiotto et al, 2018).…”
Current analysis were performed to investigate the activity of various digestive enzymes, such as lipases, proteases and amylases in gut and their relationship to the other morphometric variables in a wild marine fish, Terapon jarbua. The descriptive data of the studied traits included fish weight, fish total length, gut weight, gut length, relative gut length, relative gut mass, Fulton’s condition factor, standard length and Zihler’s index. Gut length showed positive correlation with fish total length and gut weight, relative gut length (RGL) showed positive correlation with gut length. Relative gut mass (RGM) also showed positive correlation with total length (TL), gut weight (GW) and gut length (GL). Fulton’s condition factor showed positive correlation with fish weight, while negative correlation with fish total length and relative gut mass. Standard length displayed positive correlation with gut weight and gut length while, it showed negative correlation with Fulton’s factor. Zihler’s Index displayed positive correlation with gut length, RGL and Zihler’s RGM while, while showed negative correlation with Fulton’s factor and fish weight. Lipase showed negative correlation with gut weight. Amylase and protease activity have no correlation with other studied traits. Lipase activity displayed negative significant correlation with gut weight. Lipase activity showed significantly negative effect on gut-weight. Amylase activity on y-axis (PC2) contributed 13% in variation but not significantly correlated with first two principal components. It showed non-significant negative correlation with fish weight, fish length and Fulton’s factor while positive but not-significant correlation with other traits. Protease has positive and non-significant correlation with fish weight, RGL, Fulton’s factor, lipase and amylase while non-significant negative correlation with all other traits.
“…Greater amberjack is an economically important fish that is widely popular for its tasty meat, and it is also a major predator and inhabitant of artificial reefs such as coral reefs and shipwrecks, maintaining the structure and function of these ecosystems (Pereira et al, 2023). It has been widely reported that the growth, development, and physiology of greater amberjack were sensitive to the changes of water salinity, temperature, and seawater pressure (Barany et al, 2021; Navarro-Guillen et al, 2022; Peng et al, 2022; Liu et al, 2023; Ru et al, 2023). Comparative transcriptomic analyses showed that salinity alternations substantially disrupt tissue growth and development, energy metabolism, and immune responses in greater amberjack (Peng et al, 2022; Liu et al, 2023).…”
The greater amberjack (Seriola dumerili) is a kind of widely distributed and economically important saltwater fish. However, its growth and development are sensitive to alterations of marine environment, for example, seawater salinity. Previous studies have unraveled the contributions of transcriptional regulations in modulating the resistance to seawater salinity fluctuations in the greater amberjack, but no attentions have been ever paid to post-transcriptional mechanisms, which also play an important role in fish growth, development and adaptation to environmental stress. In this study, we performed a comparative transcriptomic analysis to investigate the genome-wide alternative splicing (AS) dynamics in the greater amberjack under both hypo- (10 ppt) and hyper-salinity stresses. In the gills, 461 and 426 differential spliced genes (DSGs) were identified in response to 10 ppt and 40 ppt salinity, respectively. For both stress scenarios, the genes related to sodium ion transport were prone to produce a higher proportion of isoforms including more exons, suggesting an enhancement of mainly involved in. GO enrichment results showed that these genes were mainly involved in sodium ion adjustment in response to the deviation of optimal water salinity. Comparatively, pH regulation, developmental process, and positive regulation of Wnt signaling pathway were exclusively activated under 10 ppt salinity, while lipid transport and regulation of cell division were enhanced when exposed to 40 ppt saline. In the kidneys, 468 more-exon inclusive DSGs were found in response to both hypo- and hyper-salinity stress, which mainly associated with antioxidant processes, such as sulfur compound biosynthetic process and peroxisome organization. Furthermore, AS events were found to modulate different physiological processes from gene expression, suggesting AS played relatively independent role in salinity stress response in the greater amberjack. These novel findings provide us a better understanding of the post-transcriptional mechanisms underlying the resistance of the greater amberjack to ambient salinity oscillation and also provide a genetic basis for the conservation of marine organisms and biodiversity.
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