Biochemical Ecology of Nitrification and Denitrification

Verstraete, W.; Focht, D. D.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4615-8219-9_4

Cited by 628 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 313 publications

(339 reference statements)

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“…The highest R max values observed at 20 and 30°C (Fig. 4) are in agreement with the typical relation (bell‐shaped curve) between temperature and rate generally obtained with optimal temperature ranging between 25 and 35°C (Brion and Billen, 1998; Henriksen and Kemp, 1988; Verstraete and Focht, 1977). The highest R max values of nitrite oxidizers are explained by their similar or higher maximal oxidation and growth rates compared with ammonia oxidizers (Table 2) (Schmidt et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Nitrifying Kinetics and the Persistence of Nitrite in the Seine River, France

Raimonet

Cazier

Rocher³

et al. 2017

J of Env Quality

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Although a higher oxidation rate for nitrite than for ammonia generally prevents nitrite accumulation in oxic waters, nitrite concentrations in the Seine River (1-31 μM) exceed European norms. We investigated the kinetics of in situ ammonia- and nitrite-oxidizing communities in river water and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents to determine the role of pelagic nitrification in the origin and persistence of nitrite downstream of Paris. The main source of nitrite is the major Parisian WWTP, and its persistence, up to tens of kilometers downstream of the plant, is explained by low ammonia and nitrite oxidation rates and high river flow. Furthermore, similar nitrite and ammonia oxidation rates preclude a rapid consumption of both preexisting nitrite and nitrite produced by ammonia oxidation. Maximum ammonia oxidation rates are two to three times higher downstream than upstream of the WWTP, indicating the input of ammonia oxidizers and ammonia from the WWTP. In both river water and WWTP effluents, nitrite oxidizers were unable to oxidize all available nitrite. In the human-impacted Seine River, this phenomenon might be due to mixotrophy. This study highlights the low resilience of the river to nitrite contamination as well as the importance of managing nitrite, nitrifiers, and organic matter concentrations in WWTP effluents to avoid nitrite persistence in rivers.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Nitrifying Kinetics and the Persistence of Nitrite in the Seine River, France

Raimonet

Cazier

Rocher³

et al. 2017

J of Env Quality

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“…Many factors, however, influence the quantitative effects of temperature on denitrification rate. These include diversity and availability of soil organic matter, and the selective effects oftemperature on different bacterial species and denitrifying popu lations (8,9). Bremner and Shaw (3) found that max imum soil denitrification rates occurred in vitro at 30°C in six soils amended with glucose and N03'-N.…”

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confidence: 99%

Denitrification Losses from Kentucky Bluegrass Sod

1988

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Denitrification may represent an important mechanism in the fate of N applied to turf. Denitrification losses were directly measured from fertilized 'Baron' Kentucky bluegrass (Poa pratensis L.) sod samples sealed in acrylic chambers using the acetylene inhibition technique. Losses were correlated with soil texture, percent soil sat· uration (SAT), and temperature. Losses from turf on a Hadley silt loam soil and Hadley silt soil (both coarse-silty, mixed, nonacid, mesic Typic Udifluvents) incubated at 2rC did not exceed 0.4 and 0.1 %, respectively, of the applied potassium nitrate fertilizer (4.5 g N m-2 ) when soil water levels were less than 75% saturated. Soil saturation increased denitrification losses from the silt loam and silt soils to 2.2 and 5.4% of the applied N, respectively. The relationship between percent soil saturation and denitrification loss was quadratic and highly significant for both soils. .70] existed between denitrification losses and soil temperatures between 22 and 30°C in the silt soil at 75% of soil saturation. Soil temperatures of 30°C or greater coupled with saturated soil conditions resulted in the greatest losses, equiv alent to 44.6 and 92.6% of the applied N to the silt loam and silt soils, respectively. Denitrification losses did not increase at soil tem peratures above 30°C. These results indicate that denitrification loss from fertilizers applied to turfgrasses may not be a serious problem unless the soils are saturated and at higher soil temperatures.

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“…The reasonable explanation for this phenomenon is that the oxidation of phenol can provide energy and carbon for the heterotrophic nitrifier strain LJ-1, which can subsequently promote the oxidation of ammonium. According to previous studies (Verstraete and Focht 1977;Castignetti and Hollocher 1982), heterotrophic nitrifiers are distinct from autotrophic nitrifiers, which use energy gained solely from the oxidation of inorganic nitrogen compounds. They oxidize reduced nitrogenous compounds and utilize organic carbon as carbon and energy sources.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this reason, the treatment with ammonium as the nitrogen source had the highest removal rates of phenol and nitrogen pollutants. Since heterotrophic nitrifiers could use energy gained from the oxidation of both inorganic nitrogen compounds and organic carbon (Verstraete and Focht 1977;Castignetti and Hollocher 1982), the oxidation of ammonium could also provide energy for the heterotrophic nitrifier strain LJ-1, which could subsequently promote the oxidation of phenol. The increase in ammonium concentration caused the increase in phenol removal rate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simultaneous Removal of Phenol and Ammonium Using Serratia sp. LJ-1 Capable of Heterotrophic Nitrification-Aerobic Denitrification

Lü

Jin

et al. 2014

Water Air Soil Pollut

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The simultaneous removal of phenol and ammonium using heterotrophic nitrifying-denitrifying bacterium Serratia sp. LJ-1 was investigated. The maximum removal rates of ammonium nitrogen and phenol were 1.08±0.05 and 2.14±0.08 mg, respectively. The ammonium oxidation had much higher tolerance to phenol toxicity than that of the autotrophic nitrifying bacteria. The increase in phenol concentration led to an increase in ammonium oxidation rate under the phenol concentration of 600 mg L . Maximum rates of phenol biodegradation and total nitrogen removal in the treatments with nitrification metabolite (nitrate or nitrite) as the sole nitrogen source were more than 30 % lower than those of the treatment with ammonium as the sole nitrogen source. Ammonium was removed through nitrification and subsequent aerobic denitrification while phenol was biodegraded through the ortho-cleavage pathway and subsequently mineralized. Since phenol often coexists with nitrogen pollutants, these findings have significant environmental implications in terms of the simultaneous removal of these contaminants.

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Biochemical Ecology of Nitrification and Denitrification

Cited by 628 publications

References 313 publications

Nitrifying Kinetics and the Persistence of Nitrite in the Seine River, France

Nitrifying Kinetics and the Persistence of Nitrite in the Seine River, France

Denitrification Losses from Kentucky Bluegrass Sod

Simultaneous Removal of Phenol and Ammonium Using Serratia sp. LJ-1 Capable of Heterotrophic Nitrification-Aerobic Denitrification

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