Biochemical diversity within the 'Mycoplasma mycoides cluster'

Abu-Groun, Elsir A.M; Taylor, Robin N. Klupp; Varsani, H.; Wadher, B.J.; Leach, R. H.; Milès, Roger

doi:10.1099/13500872-140-8-2033

Cited by 46 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…As an example, the utilization of maltose in the M. mycoides cluster species has been studied by AbuGroun [39]: no maltose utilization was found in MmmSC. Maltose is utilized by Mcc and more rapidly by Mmc.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides Small Colony" to "capri". A microevolutionary perspective

et al. 2011

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BackgroundThe Mycoplasma mycoides cluster consists of five species or subspecies that are ruminant pathogens. One subspecies, Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies mycoides Small Colony (MmmSC), is the causative agent of contagious bovine pleuropneumonia. Its very close relative, Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. capri (Mmc), is a more ubiquitous pathogen in small ruminants causing mastitis, arthritis, keratitis, pneumonia and septicaemia and is also found as saprophyte in the ear canal. To understand the genetics underlying these phenotypic differences, we compared the MmmSC PG1 type strain genome, which was already available, with the genome of an Mmc field strain (95010) that was sequenced in this study. We also compared the 95010 genome with the recently published genome of another Mmc strain (GM12) to evaluate Mmc strain diversity.ResultsThe MmmSC PG1 genome is 1,212 kbp and that of Mmc 95010 is ca. 58 kbp shorter. Most of the sequences present in PG1 but not 95010 are highly repeated Insertion Sequences (three types of IS) and large duplicated DNA fragments. The 95010 genome contains five types of IS, present in fewer copies than in PG1, and two copies of an integrative conjugative element. These mobile genetic elements have played a key role in genome plasticity, leading to inversions of large DNA fragments. Comparison of the two genomes suggested a marked decay of the PG1 genome that seems to be correlated with a greater number of IS. The repertoire of gene families encoding surface proteins is smaller in PG1. Several genes involved in polysaccharide metabolism and protein degradation are also absent from, or degraded in, PG1.ConclusionsThe genome of MmmSC PG1 is larger than that of Mmc 95010, its very close relative, but has less coding capacity. This is the result of large genetic rearrangements due to mobile elements that have also led to marked gene decay. This is consistent with a non-adaptative genomic complexity theory, allowing duplications or pseudogenes to be maintained in the absence of adaptive selection that would lead to purifying selection and genome streamlining over longer evolutionary times. These findings also suggest that MmmSC only recently adapted to its bovine host.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides Small Colony" to "capri". A microevolutionary perspective

et al. 2011

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“…Note that the determined saturation constants ( K m ) for glucose and fructose in M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC are < 5 μM [44,52], while we have applied calculated physiological concentrations for monosaccharides which were significantly (up to > 3 log) higher than the K m values. It is possible that such high carbohydrate concentrations may determine a high sugar metabolism rate and, consequently, a high production of toxic metabolites.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

β-D-Glucoside utilization by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC: possible involvement in the control of cytotoxicity towards bovine lung cells

et al. 2007

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Background: Contagious bovine pleuropneumonia (CBPP) caused by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides small-colony type (SC) is among the most serious threats for livestock producers in Africa. Glycerol metabolism-associated H 2 O 2 production seems to play a crucial role in virulence of this mycoplasma. A wide number of attenuated strains of M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC are currently used in Africa as live vaccines. Glycerol metabolism is not affected in these vaccine strains and therefore it does not seem to be the determinant of their attenuation. A non-synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the bgl gene coding for the 6-phospho-β-glucosidase (Bgl) has been described recently. The SNP differentiates virulent African strains isolated from outbreaks with severe CBPP, which express the Bgl isoform Val 204 , from strains to be considered less virulent isolated from CBPP outbreaks with low mortality and vaccine strains, which express the Bgl isoform Ala 204 .

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“…Strains of Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 also exhibited differences from strains of M. mycoides subspecies in metabolic pathways (Abu-Groun et al, 1994). These partially contradictory data led us to examine the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer region of representatives of the M. mycoides cluster in order to assess the genetic relatedness between Mycoplasma sp.…”

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confidence: 99%

Comparison of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions among strains of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster, and reassessment of the taxonomic position of Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7.

Harasawa¹,

Hotzel²,

Sachse³

2000

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Nucleotide sequence analysis of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions of six type or reference strains belonging to the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster and of Mycoplasma putrefaciens suggested the presence of two subclusters. One subcluster comprised M. mycoides subsp. mycoides small colony (SC) type, M. mycoides subsp. mycoides large colony (LC) type and M. mycoides subsp. capri, whereas the second subcluster comprised Mycoplasma capricolum subsp. capricolum, M. capricolum subsp. capripneumoniae and Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7. The type strains from M. mycoides subsp. mycoides SC and M. mycoides subsp. capri had identical spacer sequences. The existence of two subclusters was supported by predicted secondary structures of the analysed region. The nucleotide variations in the loop domains of the secondary structures might be a useful genetic marker to distinguish between the two subclusters. The secondary structure differences delineated the differences between the two subclusters more clearly than the nucleotide sequence alignments, which only showed a small number of differences, and some of these were common to both clusters. The data also provided evidence in favour of a reclassification of Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7 as another subspecies of M. capricolum.

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Biochemical diversity within the 'Mycoplasma mycoides cluster'

Cited by 46 publications

References 12 publications

Mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides Small Colony" to "capri". A microevolutionary perspective

Mycoplasma mycoides, from "mycoides Small Colony" to "capri". A microevolutionary perspective

β-D-Glucoside utilization by Mycoplasma mycoides subsp. mycoides SC: possible involvement in the control of cytotoxicity towards bovine lung cells

Comparison of the 16S-23S rRNA intergenic spacer regions among strains of the Mycoplasma mycoides cluster, and reassessment of the taxonomic position of Mycoplasma sp. bovine group 7.

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