Biochemical composition of fetal fluids in at term, normal developed, healthy, viable dogs and preliminary data from pathologic littermates

Veronesi, M.C.; Bolis, Barbara; Faustini, M.; Rota, A.; Mollo, Antonio

doi:10.1016/j.theriogenology.2017.12.029

Cited by 19 publications

(55 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Because of the high risk of dystocia in Chihuahuas, for the health of bitches and puppies, an elective Caesarean section was planned for all the subjects enrolled in this study. The date of surgery was estimated, as previously reported [ 3 , 19 , 27 , 28 ], by considering the value of blood plasma progesterone concentration at the sole mating plus the embryonic/fetal biometry. However, in the last week of pregnancy, a clinical and ultrasonographic supervision of mothers and fetuses was performed to verify maternal and fetal wellbeing and possible impending parturition.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, in the last week of pregnancy, a clinical and ultrasonographic supervision of mothers and fetuses was performed to verify maternal and fetal wellbeing and possible impending parturition. Blood progesterone concentration was also rechecked to verify the actual final stage of pregnancy, based on the finding of progesterone concentrations ≤ 2 ng/mL [ 19 , 27 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Elective Caesarean section was performed in all the cases with the same anesthetic protocol and surgical procedures, as previously reported [ 19 , 27 ], aimed to minimize the negative impact on the viability of newborns. Briefly, a first injection of metoclopramide (0.2 mg/kg s.c.) and cefazolin (25 mg/kg i.v.)…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In several studies [ 3 , 6 , 12 , 13 , 17 , 19 , 20 ] the cut-off of Apgar score to distinguish “normal viable” from “less viable” puppies, was 7, while Vassalo et al [ 14 ] used a cut-off of 6 and Batista et al [ 16 ] used a limit of 5. In most cases, the group of “less viable” newborns included puppies scored 0–3 and classified as “severely distressed” plus the newborns scored 4–6 and classified as “moderately distressed”, while Vilar et al [ 20 ] considered only puppies scored < 5 as newborns with reduced vitality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Apgar score or birthweight in Chihuahua dogs born by elective Caesarean section: which is the best predictor of the survival at 24 h after birth?

et al. 2020

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Background In the dog, the correct management of parturition and the prompt neonatal evaluation and assistance can reduce the perinatal mortality rates that are particularly high in toy breeds. Newborn evaluation and factors addressing prognosis are pivotal to guarantee the correct neonatal assistance. Assessment of the Apgar score with viability classification and birthweight are recognized as predictors for neonatal survival in dogs, but breed-specific data are needed for a more feasible application in the dog species, in which wide differences among breeds are known. The present study aimed therefore to: (a) assess the role of Apgar score and birthweight as predictors for the survival of Chihuahua newborn puppies in the first 24 h of life; (b) to assess a cut-off of the Apgar score and birthweight values that can predict the survival of Chihuahua newborn puppies in the first 24 h after birth; (c) to assess the possible effect played by maternal parity, newborn gender and litter-size on Apgar score in Chihuahua newborn puppies, in order to provide breed-specific data for a better neonatal assistance. Results Data obtained from 176 normal developed Chihuahua puppies born by elective Caesarean section, showed that 62%, 28% and 10% of puppies were classified in the Apgar score classes 7–10, 4–6 and 0–3, respectively, with survival at 24 h after birth of 97%, 96%, 39%, in the three Apgar classes of viability, respectively. Apgar score was a better predictor for survival at 24 h after birth than birthweight (AUC 0.93, P < 0.0001; AUC 0.69, P < 0.01, respectively). Litter-size of 7 puppies/litter plays a negative effect on Apgar score. Apgar score is a better predictor of survival at 24 h than birthweight, and the best cut-off of Apgar score for survival at 24 h after birth is 4, with 96% sensitivity and 77% specificity. Conclusions The different proportion of “normal viable” and “less viable” neonates in comparison to other studies highlights that Chihuahua puppies born by elective Caesarean section should be carefully evaluated at birth to provide correct assistance.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Apgar score or birthweight in Chihuahua dogs born by elective Caesarean section: which is the best predictor of the survival at 24 h after birth?

et al. 2020

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“…Few studies looked for markers of neonatal homeostasis, but they still cannot be widely applied in everyday veterinary clinical practice: lactate, glucose and beta-hydroxybutyrate levels were correlated to neonatal mortality [3]; the Combur test analysis on glucose and ketones in the fetal fluids collected at C-section was described [4]; the composition of the fetal fluids at C-section was linked to neonatal mortality and viability [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urinalysis in Great Dane Puppies from Birth to 28 Days of Age

Melandri

Veronesi

Alonge

2020

Animals

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Urinalysis, a common test in infants, could represent a suitable non-invasive clinical tool in puppies. In dog neonates, urine is easily collected by stimulating the somato-vesccal reflex. Information on urine characteristics during the neonatal period is missing. Beside instrumental laboratory analyses, the dipstick was proven useful for rapid urinalysis to evaluate specific gravity (SG), pH, leukocytes, nitrites, glucose, proteins, ketones, urobilinogen, bilirubin, and blood. The present study aimed to describe urinalysis features by the dipstick test and refractometer along the neonatal period. Urine samples (n = 624) were collected by manual stimulation from 48 healthy Great Danes, daily from birth to seven days, then twice a week until 28 days, to assess age-related changes (ANOVA, p < 0.05) and the possible effects of gender and litter (T-test, p < 0.05). The SG and pH significantly changed during the neonatal period. Other parameters did not vary significantly in relation to age. No significant differences were observed either among litters or between genders. The present study confirmed that canine kidneys are able to concentrate urine from the second week of age when the urinary SG started to be similar to adults, while pH still increased towards the typical values of adults at 28 days. Significant glucosuria and proteinuria were never detected. Dipstick urinalysis represents a useful first-line complementary tool in newborns clinical examination, providing information about systemic homeostasis.

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Canine and feline foetal fluids: Volume, hormonal and biochemical characterization during pregnancy

Sahraei,

Mogheiseh,

Nazifi

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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Background and objectivesThis study aimed to evaluate the volume, the concentration of steroid hormones, and biochemical composition of the foetal fluids at different gestational ages in dogs and cats.MethodsFollowing the ovariohysterectomy, the allantoic and amniotic fluid samples were collected from pregnant bitches and queens and were assigned to different groups according to their gestational age.ResultsThe canine and feline allantoic fluid volume increased during pregnancy, reached its maximum values on days 40–49 and then decreased. The canine and feline amniotic fluid volume increased steadily by the last days of pregnancy. In spite of significant changes of sex hormones in the foetal fluids, their concentration and ratios were not significantly different between male and female fetuses. The canine amniotic cortisol concentration increased until days 40–49 and decreased significantly afterwards. The maximum cortisol concentrations in the feline allantoic and amniotic fluids were observed on days 50–60 and 40–49, respectively. During the canine pregnancy, the concentrations of calcium, phosphorus, chloride, sodium, triglyceride, cholesterol, total protein, albumin and the activities of aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), amylase and gamma‐glutamyl transferase (GGT) in the amniotic fluid were higher than the allantoic fluid. The magnesium, potassium, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity, creatine and lipase were higher in the allantoic fluid. In the feline allantoic fluid, potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, creatinine, albumin and glucose concentrations and the activities of creatine kinase (CK), GGT, LDH and lipase were higher. The ALP, AST activities, sodium and calcium concentrations were higher in the amniotic fluid (p < 0.05).ConclusionVolume of foetal fluids was determined in dogs and cats. Concentration of sex hormones did not different between male and female fetuses.

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Biochemical composition of fetal fluids in at term, normal developed, healthy, viable dogs and preliminary data from pathologic littermates

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Apgar score or birthweight in Chihuahua dogs born by elective Caesarean section: which is the best predictor of the survival at 24 h after birth?

Apgar score or birthweight in Chihuahua dogs born by elective Caesarean section: which is the best predictor of the survival at 24 h after birth?

Urinalysis in Great Dane Puppies from Birth to 28 Days of Age

Canine and feline foetal fluids: Volume, hormonal and biochemical characterization during pregnancy

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