Biochemical composition and size distribution of organic matter at the Pacific and Atlantic time-series stations

Kaiser, Karl; Benner, Ronald

doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2008.12.004

Cited by 247 publications

(315 citation statements)

References 93 publications

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“…Therefore, it was observed that 67% BOD 7 , 90% DOC and 77% of A 254 are in this majority fraction, which is consistent with the results published elsewhere (Kaiser and Benner, 2009;Ogawa and Tanoue, 2003;Amon and Benner, 1996;Dittmar and Kattner, 2003;Amon and Benner, 1996;Dittmar and Kattner, 2003). Furthermore, the results reveal that the biodegradability and the aromaticity of seawater contain a greater proportion of high molecular size fraction (HMS) material compared with the total of the DOC.…”

Section: Membrane Fractionationsupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Therefore, HMS are better degraded than LMS. All these results confirm the size-reactivity continuum model, which suggests that NOM found in HMS is more bioreactive than LMS (Tranvik, 1993;Amon and Benner, 1996;Ogawa and Tanoue, 2003;Kaiser and Benner, 2009). tryptophan-like fluorescence peaks are contained in the protein-like regions, which were first described by Coble (1996) and are characteristic of microbial activity and associated with labile organic matter.…”

Section: Membrane Fractionationsupporting

confidence: 76%

“…The fraction that can pass through the membrane, which is also referred to as the permeate, is composed of NOM that has molecular weights less than 1 kDa (Amon and Benner, 1996;Ogawa and Tanoue, 2003;Kaiser and Benner, 2009). Therefore, the permeate is the low molecular size fraction (LMS) (Equation 1).…”

Section: Membrane Fractionationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Study on the removal of biodegradable NOM from seawater using biofiltration

et al. 2013

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Despite the low biodegradability of seawater NOM, problems associated with biofouling are common in facilities that handle seawater. In this work, a fixed-film aerobic biofilter is proposed as an effective unit for preventing biofouling in such facilities.A packed-bed biofilter with an EBCT = 6 -11 min was employed. The results demonstrated that the DOC is reduced by 6% and the BOD 7 is reduced up to 15%.The LC-OCD analysis revealed that biofiltration abates the LMW neutrals and biopolymer fractions by 33 and 17%, respectively. However, the fractionation with UF membrane showed that the biofiltration process is able to degrade the more biodegradable compounds that have molecular weights that are greater than 1 kDa and compounds with molecular weights of less than 1 kDa.After biofiltration, the biological activity measured in terms of ATP removal was reduced by 60%. Finally, a test to evaluate the biofilm formation capacity of a water sample revealed reductions of ~94% when comparing biofiltered and non-biofiltered seawater. Therefore, a fixed-film aerobic biofiltration process could be a useful treatment for the removal of biodegradable organic matter from seawater and for improving the water quality in terms of less biofilm formation capacity.* To whom correspondence should be addressed.

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Section: Membrane Fractionationsupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Membrane Fractionationsupporting

confidence: 76%

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Study on the removal of biodegradable NOM from seawater using biofiltration

et al. 2013

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“…Goldberg et al, 2011;Kaiser and Benner, 2012) or via experimental degradation approaches (e.g., Gruber et al, 2006;Kawasaki and Benner, 2006;Davis et al, 2009). The spatiotemporal variability of biomolecules and net removal rates of DOC or distinct fractions (e.g., Amon and Benner, 1994;Loh et al, 2004;Kaiser and Benner, 2009;Hansell, 2013) corroborated the concepts of age-, size-and reactivity continua in which the microbial carbon pump (Jiao et al, 2010) plays a major role in transforming fresh into refractory organic matter. As a result of the global thermohaline circulation pattern, deep water masses are exchanged on a millennial time scale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 63%

Molecular transformation and degradation of refractory dissolved organic matter in the Atlantic and Southern Ocean

Lechtenfeld

Kattner

Flerus

et al. 2014

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

260

259

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More than 90% of the global ocean dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is refractory, has an average age of 4000-6000 years and a lifespan from months to millennia. The fraction of dissolved organic matter (DOM) that is resistant to degradation is a long-term buffer in the global carbon cycle but its chemical composition, structure, and biochemical formation and degradation mechanisms are still unresolved. We have compiled the most comprehensive molecular dataset of 197 Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FT-ICR MS) analyses from solid-phase extracted marine DOM covering two major oceans, the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean and the East Atlantic Ocean (ranging from 50°N to 70°S). Molecular trends and radiocarbon dating of 34 DOM samples (comprising D 14 C values from À229& to À495&) were combined to model an integrated degradation rate for bulk DOC resulting in a predicted age of >24 ka for the most persistent DOM fraction. First order kinetic degradation rates for 1557 mass peaks indicate that numerous DOM molecules cycle on timescales much longer than the turnover of the bulk DOC pool (estimated residence times of up to~100 ka) and the range of validity of radiocarbon dating. Changes in elemental composition were determined by assigning molecular formulae to the detected mass peaks. The combination of residence times with molecular information enabled modelling of the average elemental composition of the slowest degrading fraction of the DOM pool. In our dataset, a group of 361 molecular formulae represented the most stable composition in the oceanic environment ("island of stability"). These most persistent compounds encompass only a narrow range of the molecular elemental ratios H/C (average of 1.17 ± 0.13), and O/C (average of 0.52 ± 0.10) and molecular masses (360 ± 28 and 497 ± 51 Da). In the Weddell Sea DOC concentrations in the surface waters were low (46.3 ± 3.3 lM) while the organic radiocarbon was significantly more depleted than that of the East Atlantic, representing average surface water DOM ages of 4920 ± 180 a. These results are in accordance with a highly degraded DOM in the Weddell Sea surface water as also shown by the molecular degradation index I DEG obtained from FT-ICR MS data. Further, we identified 339 molecular formulae which probably contribute to an increased DOC concentration in the Southern Ocean and potentially reflect an accumulation or enhanced sequestration of refractory DOC in the Weddell Sea. These results will contribute to a better understanding of the persistent nature of marine DOM and its role as an oceanic carbon buffer in a changing climate.

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“…Previous work on HMW DOC has clearly shown that DOC is comprised of many labile biomolecules, in particular complex carbohydrates and amino acids [Biddanda and Benner, 1997;Biersmith and Benner, 1998;Kaiser and Benner, 2009]. In contrast, recent results on LMW material isolated by hydrophobic resins has indicated complex and heterogeneous chemical composition, far more similar to that observed in fulvic acids in terrestrial systems [Dittmar and Kattner, 2003;Hertkorn et al, 2006;Hertkorn et al, 2007].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pacific carbon cycling constrained by organic matter size, age and composition relationships

et al. 2016

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Marine dissolved organic carbon (DOC) is a major global carbon reservoir, yet its cycling remains poorly understood. Previous work suggests that DOC molecular size and chemical composition can significantly affect its bioavailability. Thus, DOC size and composition may control DOC cycling and radiocarbon age (via Δ 14 C). Here we show that DOC molecular size is correlated to DOC Δ 14 C in the Pacific Ocean. Our results, based on a series of increasing molecular size fractions from three depths in the Pacific, show increasing DOC Δ 14 C with increasing molecular size. We use a size-age distribution model to predict the DOC and Δ 14 C of ultrafiltered DOC. The model predicts both large and small surface DOC with high Δ 14 C and a narrow range (200-500 Da) of low Δ 14 C DOC. Deep model offsets suggest different size distributions and/or Δ 14 C sources at 670-915 m. Our results suggest that molecular size and composition are linked to DOC reactivity and storage in the ocean.

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Biochemical composition and size distribution of organic matter at the Pacific and Atlantic time-series stations

Cited by 247 publications

References 93 publications

Study on the removal of biodegradable NOM from seawater using biofiltration

Study on the removal of biodegradable NOM from seawater using biofiltration

Molecular transformation and degradation of refractory dissolved organic matter in the Atlantic and Southern Ocean

Pacific carbon cycling constrained by organic matter size, age and composition relationships

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