Biochemical characterization of the venom of Central American scorpion Didymocentrus krausi Francke, 1978 (Diplocentridae) and its toxic effects in vivo and in vitro

Rojas-Azofeifa, Daniela; Sasa, Mahmood; Lomonte, Bruno; Diego‐García, Elia; Ortiz, Natalia; Bonilla, Fabián; Murillo, R.; Tytgat, Jan; Díaz, Cecilia

doi:10.1016/j.cbpc.2018.11.021

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Cytolysin, a cytolytic toxin isolated from Scorpaena plumieri scorpionfish venom, showed a potent hemolytic activity on washed rabbit erythrocytes [ 38 ]. Venom of the Central American scorpion Didymocentrus krausi leads to direct hemolysis on human and rabbit erythrocytes [ 30 ]. Also, hemolysin isolated from Pogonomyrmex badius ant venom causes direct hemolysis on bovine and mouse washed erythrocytes [ 36 , 44 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metalloproteinases (ADAMs) have not been found in shrew venoms thus far, but they commonly occur in venoms of other taxa, including snakes, scorpions and jellyfish [ 24 , 29 , 30 , 32 , 52 ]. These molecules display hemolytic activity [ 32 , 52 ]; therefore it is possible that hemolysis produced by shrew venoms in frog erythrocytes may be caused, at least partially, by ADAMs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Animal venoms usually are of complex nature in both composition and toxicity [ 20 – 22 ]. For instance, venoms of many taxa such as snakes, scorpions, marine snails and jellyfish produce potent cytotoxic effects [ 23 – 30 ] which enable them to rapidly subdue prey and avoid retaliatory injuries, especially if the attacked prey is large or potentially dangerous [ 7 ]. Proteases, phospholipases, and cytolytic or hemolytic agents are among the primary molecules responsible for the venom cytotoxicity [ 26 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new, widespread venomous mammal species: hemolytic activity of Sorex araneus venom is similar to that of Neomys fodiens venom

2022

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Background Venom production has evolved independently many times in the animal kingdom, although it is rare among mammals. Venomous shrews produce toxins in their salivary glands and use their venoms to hunt and store prey. Thus far, the toxicity and composition of shrew venoms have been studied only in two shrew species: the northern short-tailed shrew, Blarina brevicauda, and the Eurasian water shrew, Neomys fodiens. Venom of N. fodiens has potent paralytic activity which enables hunting and storing prey in a comatose state. Here, we assayed the hemolytic effects of extracts from salivary glands of N. fodiens and the common shrew, Sorex araneus, in erythrocytes of Pelophylax sp. frogs. We identified toxins in shrew venom by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry. Results Our results prove, confirming a suggestion made four centuries ago, that S. araneus is venomous. We also provide the first experimental evidence that shrew venoms produce potent hemolysis in frog erythrocytes. We found significant concentration-dependent effects of venoms of N. fodiens and S. araneus on hemolysis of red blood cells evaluated as hemoglobin release. Treatment of erythrocytes with N. fodiens venom at concentrations of 1.0 and 0.5 mg/ml and with S. araneus venom at concentration of 1.0 mg/ml caused an increased release of hemoglobin. Our findings confirm that hemolytic effects of N. fodiens venom are stronger than those produced by S. araneus venom. We identified four toxins in the venom of N. fodiens: proenkephalin, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), a disintegrin and metalloproteinase domain-containing protein (ADAM) and lysozyme C, as well as a non-toxic hyaluronidase. In the venom of S. araneus we found five toxins: proenkephalin, kallikrein 1-related peptidase, beta-defensin, ADAM and lysozyme C. PLA2 and ADAMs are likely to produce hemolysis in frog erythrocytes. Conclusions Our results clearly show that shrew venoms possess hemolytic action that may allow them to hunt larger prey. Since a member of the numerous genus Sorex is venomous, it is likely that venom production among shrews and other eulipotyphlans may be more widespread than it has previously been assumed.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A new, widespread venomous mammal species: hemolytic activity of Sorex araneus venom is similar to that of Neomys fodiens venom

2022

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“…Previously, it was reported that American scorpion Didymocentrus krausi result in thrombotic effect and fibrinogenolytic activity in vivo and in vitro animal models [ 21 ]. An earlier study suggested that Palythoa zoanthid corals and Ostreopsis dinoflagellates -derived toxin named palytoxin (PLTX) had caused deleterious effects on human health [ 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Proteomic Changes during the Dermal Toxicity Induced by Nemopilema nomurai Jellyfish Venom in HaCaT Human Keratinocyte

Choudhary

Hwang

Chae³

et al. 2021

Toxins

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Jellyfish venom is well known for its local skin toxicities and various lethal accidents. The main symptoms of local jellyfish envenomation include skin lesions, burning, prickling, stinging pain, red, brown, or purplish tracks on the skin, itching, and swelling, leading to dermonecrosis and scar formation. However, the molecular mechanism behind the action of jellyfish venom on human skin cells is rarely understood. In the present study, we have treated the human HaCaT keratinocyte with Nemopilema nomurai jellyfish venom (NnV) to study detailed mechanisms of actions behind the skin symptoms after jellyfish envenomation. Using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/MS), cellular changes at proteome level were examined. The treatment of NnV resulted in the decrease of HaCaT cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Using NnV (at IC50), the proteome level alterations were determined at 12 h and 24 h after the venom treatment. Briefly, 70 protein spots with significant quantitative changes were picked from the gels for MALDI-TOF/MS. In total, 44 differentially abundant proteins were successfully identified, among which 19 proteins were increased, whereas 25 proteins were decreased in the abundance levels comparing with their respective control spots. DAPs involved in cell survival and development (e.g., Plasminogen, Vinculin, EMILIN-1, Basonuclin2, Focal adhesion kinase 1, FAM83B, Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma co-activator 1-alpha) decreased their expression, whereas stress or immune response-related proteins (e.g., Toll-like receptor 4, Aminopeptidase N, MKL/Myocardin-like protein 1, hypoxia up-regulated protein 1, Heat shock protein 105 kDa, Ephrin type-A receptor 1, with some protease (or peptidase) enzymes) were up-regulated. In conclusion, the present findings may exhibit some possible key players during skin damage and suggest therapeutic strategies for preventing jellyfish envenomation.

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“…; Sasa y Segura-Cano, 2020) y el análisis de políticas de salud en torno al accidente ofídico(Gutiérrez y Pereañez, 2016). Además, aspectos como el estudio de toxinas de bacterias y sus mecanismos de infección (Flores-Díaz et al, 2016; Zúñiga-Chaves et al, 2016) y, más recientemente, los estudios sobre arácnidos y otros invertebrados venenosos(Díaz et al 2019;Rojas-Azofeifa et al, 2019) muestran la variedad de intereses del colectivo científico del instituto.…”

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Instituto Clodomiro Picado: cincuenta años de contribuciones científicas

Marín

2021

Yulök

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El accidente ofídico es un importante problema de salud que posee múltiples dimensiones, por lo que su abordaje debe ser integral. A partir de una iniciativa país, el problema del ofidismo en Costa Rica es tratado desde una universidad pública en la figura del Instituto Clodomiro Picado (ICP). La búsqueda de soluciones al problema local ha tenido importantes repercusiones a nivel regional y global, por lo que la labor del ICP es considerada como un ejemplo exitoso que ha logrado metas de gran trascendencia en los planos científico, productivo y de extensión. El éxito del ICP va más allá de las publicaciones científicas o del número de frascos de antiveneno producido, lo cual se evidencia en la gran cantidad de personas que recuperan su salud y sus propias historias. Ese logro es producto del liderazgo que generan individuos de nuestra propia comunidad académica, el enfoque en la generación de conocimiento científico de manera integral, donde se respeta la iniciativa y creatividad individual. pero enmarcada en los principios de colaboración y servicio.

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Biochemical characterization of the venom of Central American scorpion Didymocentrus krausi Francke, 1978 (Diplocentridae) and its toxic effects in vivo and in vitro

Cited by 11 publications

References 68 publications

A new, widespread venomous mammal species: hemolytic activity of Sorex araneus venom is similar to that of Neomys fodiens venom

A new, widespread venomous mammal species: hemolytic activity of Sorex araneus venom is similar to that of Neomys fodiens venom

Proteomic Changes during the Dermal Toxicity Induced by Nemopilema nomurai Jellyfish Venom in HaCaT Human Keratinocyte

Instituto Clodomiro Picado: cincuenta años de contribuciones científicas

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