“…The first generation antagonist mepyramine (pyrilamine) competitively antagonizes histamine-induced increase in intracellular [Ca 21 ] and guinea pig ileum contraction, resulting in a right shift of the histamine concentration response curves without affecting the maximal response (Anthes et al, 2002;Slack et al, 2011b). In contrast, other antihistamines such as azelastine, desloratidine (Aerius; Merck Sharp & Dohme, Whitehouse Station, NJ),…”
Section: Examples For Biologic Discrimination By Different Ligand Resmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…, and ceterizine (Zyrtec; UCB, Brussels, Belgium) inhibited histamine-induced Ca 21 signaling and/or smooth muscle cell contraction in an apparently noncompetitive manner, resulting in an attenuated maximal response (Anthes et al, 2002;Slack et al, 2011a,b). Indeed, these insurmountable antagonists dissociated at least 70-fold more slowly from the H 1 R compared with mepyramine (Gillard et al, 2002;Anthes et al, 2002;Gillard and Chatelain, 2006;Slack et al, 2011b).…”
Section: Examples For Biologic Discrimination By Different Ligand Resmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, these insurmountable antagonists dissociated at least 70-fold more slowly from the H 1 R compared with mepyramine (Gillard et al, 2002;Anthes et al, 2002;Gillard and Chatelain, 2006;Slack et al, 2011b).…”
Section: Examples For Biologic Discrimination By Different Ligand Resmentioning
Over the past decade the kinetics of ligand binding to a receptor have received increasing interest. The concept of drug-target residence time is becoming an invaluable parameter for drug optimization. It holds great promise for drug development, and its optimization is thought to reduce off-target effects. The success of long-acting drugs like tiotropium support this hypothesis. Nonetheless, we know surprisingly little about the dynamics and the molecular detail of the drug binding process. Because protein dynamics and adaptation during the binding event will change the conformation of the protein, ligand binding will not be the static process that is often described. This can cause problems because simple mathematical models often fail to adequately describe the dynamics of the binding process. In this minireview we will discuss the current situation with an emphasis on G-protein-coupled receptors. These are important membrane protein drug targets that undergo conformational changes upon agonist binding to communicate signaling information across the plasma membrane of cells.
“…The first generation antagonist mepyramine (pyrilamine) competitively antagonizes histamine-induced increase in intracellular [Ca 21 ] and guinea pig ileum contraction, resulting in a right shift of the histamine concentration response curves without affecting the maximal response (Anthes et al, 2002;Slack et al, 2011b). In contrast, other antihistamines such as azelastine, desloratidine (Aerius; Merck Sharp & Dohme, Whitehouse Station, NJ),…”
Section: Examples For Biologic Discrimination By Different Ligand Resmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…, and ceterizine (Zyrtec; UCB, Brussels, Belgium) inhibited histamine-induced Ca 21 signaling and/or smooth muscle cell contraction in an apparently noncompetitive manner, resulting in an attenuated maximal response (Anthes et al, 2002;Slack et al, 2011a,b). Indeed, these insurmountable antagonists dissociated at least 70-fold more slowly from the H 1 R compared with mepyramine (Gillard et al, 2002;Anthes et al, 2002;Gillard and Chatelain, 2006;Slack et al, 2011b).…”
Section: Examples For Biologic Discrimination By Different Ligand Resmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Indeed, these insurmountable antagonists dissociated at least 70-fold more slowly from the H 1 R compared with mepyramine (Gillard et al, 2002;Anthes et al, 2002;Gillard and Chatelain, 2006;Slack et al, 2011b).…”
Section: Examples For Biologic Discrimination By Different Ligand Resmentioning
Over the past decade the kinetics of ligand binding to a receptor have received increasing interest. The concept of drug-target residence time is becoming an invaluable parameter for drug optimization. It holds great promise for drug development, and its optimization is thought to reduce off-target effects. The success of long-acting drugs like tiotropium support this hypothesis. Nonetheless, we know surprisingly little about the dynamics and the molecular detail of the drug binding process. Because protein dynamics and adaptation during the binding event will change the conformation of the protein, ligand binding will not be the static process that is often described. This can cause problems because simple mathematical models often fail to adequately describe the dynamics of the binding process. In this minireview we will discuss the current situation with an emphasis on G-protein-coupled receptors. These are important membrane protein drug targets that undergo conformational changes upon agonist binding to communicate signaling information across the plasma membrane of cells.
“…After administration of ebastine, carebastine concentrations are 30-fold greater (Sastre, 2008;Shon et al, 2010). Furthermore, carebastine is intrinsically more potent at the H 1 receptor (Anthes et al, 2002). The exact values for plasma protein binding have not been reported as both parent and metabolite are highly bound and merely reported as .95%.…”
Section: A Drugs With Active Metabolites That Dominate the Activitymentioning
confidence: 99%
“…20). The intrinsic potency of desloratadine far exceeds that of the parent (Anthes et al, 2002), the free fraction is higher by 5-fold, and the circulating concentrations are also higher (Ramanathan et al, 2007). When these three factors are combined, it suggests that loratadine itself is responsible for none of the in vivo antihistaminic activity.…”
Section: A Drugs With Active Metabolites That Dominate the Activitymentioning
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