Biochemical assessments of thyroid profile, serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and cluster of differentiation 5 expression levels among children with autism

Desoky, Tarek; Hassan, Mohammed H.; Fayed, Hanan Mahmoud; Sakhr, Hala M.

doi:10.2147/ndt.s146152

Cited by 24 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…This fat-soluble vitamin has important immunomodulatory and neuroprotective functions (Aranow, 2011 ; Wrzosek et al, 2013 ), and deficiency may be contributing to immune and behavioral abnormalities in people with ASD. Daily supplementation with Vitamin D, not to exceed 5,000 IU/day, was found to significantly improve behavioral outcomes and lowered elevation of CD5 expression in children with ASD, supporting a role for Vitamin D in modulating the immune system (Desoky et al, 2017 ; Feng et al, 2017 ; Saad et al, 2018 ). As previously discussed, children with ASD have altered T cell profiles, perhaps due to altered transcriptional activity (Ahmad et al, 2017b ).…”

Section: Improvement Of Symptoms With the Use Of Immune-modulating Drmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Nutritional or supplemental approaches may be helpful in modulating immune function in people with ASD. Several studies have found children with ASD to be deficient in serum levels of vitamin D (25-hydroxycholecalciferol), and serum levels were found to be negatively associated with language and behavioral scores on the ABC and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) (Desoky et al, 2017 ; Saad et al, 2018 ), (Feng et al, 2017 ). Serum vitamin D levels also negatively correlated with the presence of anti-myelin-associated glycoprotein autoantibodies (Mostafa and Al-Ayadhi, 2012a ).…”

Section: Improvement Of Symptoms With the Use Of Immune-modulating Drmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Immune Dysfunction and Autoimmunity as Pathological Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Hughes¹,

Ko²,

Rose³

et al. 2018

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

195

154

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Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of heterogeneous neurological disorders that are highly variable and are clinically characterized by deficits in social interactions, communication, and stereotypical behaviors. Prevalence has risen from 1 in 10,000 in 1972 to 1 in 59 children in the United States in 2014. This rise in prevalence could be due in part to better diagnoses and awareness, however, these together cannot solely account for such a significant rise. While causative connections have not been proven in the majority of cases, many current studies focus on the combined effects of genetics and environment. Strikingly, a distinct picture of immune dysfunction has emerged and been supported by many independent studies over the past decade. Many players in the immune-ASD puzzle may be mechanistically contributing to pathogenesis of these disorders, including skewed cytokine responses, differences in total numbers and frequencies of immune cells and their subsets, neuroinflammation, and adaptive and innate immune dysfunction, as well as altered levels of immunoglobulin and the presence of autoantibodies which have been found in a substantial number of individuals with ASD. This review summarizes the latest research linking ASD, autoimmunity and immune dysfunction, and discusses evidence of a potential autoimmune component of ASD.

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Section: Improvement Of Symptoms With the Use Of Immune-modulating Drmentioning

confidence: 84%

Section: Improvement Of Symptoms With the Use Of Immune-modulating Drmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune Dysfunction and Autoimmunity as Pathological Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Hughes¹,

Ko²,

Rose³

et al. 2018

Front. Cell. Neurosci.

195

154

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This result speaks against a peripherally maintained B-cell immune process and suggests that we need more careful pathophysiological studies. 89 Dietary intervention with Vit.D is based on a supposed, but not always confirmed, 79,90 Vit.D deficiency in the serum of children with ASD, and on the fact that the level of Vit.D is inversely correlated with language and behavioural scores on Childhood Autism Rating Scale. 91 Vit.D has immunomodulatory and neuroprotective functions, particularly during pregnancy; its serum shortfall may therefore contribute to the persistence of both immune and behavioural abnormalities in post-gestational age.…”

Section: Postnatal Intervention In Humansmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immune regulation of neurodevelopment at the mother–foetus interface: the case of autism

et al. 2020

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by deficits in social communication and stereotypical behaviours. ASD’s aetiology remains mostly unclear, because of a complex interaction between genetic and environmental factors. Recently, a strong consensus has developed around ASD’s immune‐mediated pathophysiology, which is the subject of this review. For many years, neuroimmunological studies tried to understand ASD as a prototypical antibody‐ or cell‐mediated disease. Other findings indicated the importance of autoimmune mechanisms such as familial and individual autoimmunity, adaptive immune abnormalities and the influence of infections during gestation. However, recent studies have challenged the idea that autism may be a classical autoimmune disease. Modern neurodevelopmental immunology shows the double‐edged nature of many immune effectors, which can be either beneficial or detrimental depending on tissue homeostasis, stressors, neurodevelopmental stage, inherited and de novo gene mutations and other variables. Nowadays, mother–child interactions in the prenatal environment appear to be crucial for the occurrence of ASD. Studies of animal maternal–foetal immune interaction are being fruitfully carried out using different combinations of type and timing of infection, of maternal immune response and foetal vulnerability and of resilience factors to hostile events. The derailed neuroimmune crosstalk through the placenta initiates and maintains a chronic foetal neuroglial activation, eventually causing the alteration of neurogenesis, migration, synapse formation and pruning. The importance of pregnancy can also allow early immune interventions, which can significantly reduce the increasing risk of ASD and its heavy social burden.

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“…All patients were subjected to a thorough clinical history, including developmental history and a detailed history of the presenting symptoms. Individual interviews with every included child and his/her parents were conducted to clinically assess the severity of their autistic symptomatology using the Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) as described in previously published works 24,25 with total scores of 30 or above strongly suggest autism diagnosis, 30-36 have mild to moderate autism, 37-60 suggest severe autism. 26 The questionnaires were administrated by two well-trained and experienced clinical psychologists.…”

Section: Data Collections Clinical Evaluation Of the Included Patientsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<p>Assessments of Amino Acids, Ammonia and Oxidative Stress Among Cohort of Egyptian Autistic Children: Correlations with Electroencephalogram and Disease Severity</p>

Saleem¹,

Shehata²,

Toghan³

et al. 2020

NDT

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Objective: The current study aimed to assess the profiles of plasma amino acids, serum ammonia and oxidative stress status among autistic children in terms of electroencephalogram findings and clinical severity among the cohort of autistic Egyptian children. Patients and methods: The present study included 118 Egyptian children categorized into 54 children with autism who were comparable with 64 healthy controls. Clinical assessments of cases were performed using CARS in addition to EEG records. Plasma amino acids were measured using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), while, serum ammonia and oxidative stress markers were measured using colorimetric methods for all included children. Results: The overall results revealed that 37.04% of cases had abnormal EEG findings. Amino acid profile in autistic children showed statistically significant lower levels of aspartic acid, glycine, β-alanine, tryptophan, lysine and proline amino acids with significantly higher asparagine amino acid derivative levels among autistic patients versus the control group (p˂0.05). There were significantly higher serum ammonia levels with significantly higher total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI) values among the included autistic children vs controls (p˂0.05). There were significantly negative correlations between CARS with aspartic acid (r=−0.269, P=0.049), arginine (r=-0.286, p= 0.036), and TAS (r= −0.341, p= 0.012), and significantly positive correlations between CARS with TOS (r=0.360, p= 0.007) and OSI (r= 0.338, p= 0.013). Conclusion: Dysregulated amino acid metabolism, high ammonia and oxidative stress were prevalent among autistic children and should be considered in autism management. Still EEG records were inconclusive among autistic children, although may be helpful in assessment autism severity.

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Biochemical assessments of thyroid profile, serum 25-hydroxycholecalciferol and cluster of differentiation 5 expression levels among children with autism

Cited by 24 publications

References 26 publications

Immune Dysfunction and Autoimmunity as Pathological Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Immune Dysfunction and Autoimmunity as Pathological Mechanisms in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Immune regulation of neurodevelopment at the mother–foetus interface: the case of autism

<p>Assessments of Amino Acids, Ammonia and Oxidative Stress Among Cohort of Egyptian Autistic Children: Correlations with Electroencephalogram and Disease Severity</p>

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