Biochemical Antioxidant Levels Respond to Supplementation with an Enriched Drink in Frail Elderly People

Wouters-Wesseling, W.; Wagenaar, L.; Groot, Lisette C. P. G. M. de; Bindels, Jacques; Staveren, W.A. van

doi:10.1080/07315724.2003.10719298

Cited by 17 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…41 Plasma TEAC levels have also been shown to increase post supplementation with an antioxidant-rich drink. 42 Total radical trapping antioxidant potential assay The total radical trapping antioxidant potential (TRAP) assay measures the ability of antioxidants to buffer a reaction probe against peroxidation, using 2,2 -azobis-2-methyl-propanimidamide, dihydrochloride (AAPH) or 2,2 -azobis(2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride (ABAP) as the free radical source. 43 This assay also acts by H atom transfer.…”

Section: Total Antioxidant Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the methodology for assessing in vivo antioxidant capacity

2006

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Oxidative stress and antioxidant deficiency have been implicated in the pathophysiology of a wide range of diseases and conditions. Consequently, over recent years many different supplementation trials have been implemented, aimed at improving clinical outcomes by boosting antioxidant levels. These trials have included supplementation with individual antioxidants, antioxidant combinations and antioxidant-rich foods, such as fruit and vegetable juices and other plant extracts. To ensure data from these trials is interpreted correctly, it is essential that suitable biomarkers are used to assess changes in in vivo antioxidant activity resulting from supplementation. This review discusses methods for measuring antioxidant activity, including direct measurement of antioxidant concentrations and assays for measuring overall reducing capacity. Antioxidant activity can also be indirectly assessed by monitoring levels of oxidative stress. This review describes biomarkers that can be used to assess oxidative damage to lipids (including F2-isoprostanes, malondialdehyde, 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal, and the hydrocarbons, ethane and pentane), protein (including protein carbonyls and nitrotyrosine) and DNA (via 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine assay). Direct measurement of free radicals is also discussed. Useful information is provided for researchers planning animal and human intervention trials involving antioxidant-rich foods or supplements, including plant extracts. The development and use of appropriate methodologies is essential if the role of antioxidant supplementation in various diseases and conditions is to be understood.

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Section: Total Antioxidant Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

A review of the methodology for assessing in vivo antioxidant capacity

2006

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“…Increasing age has been associated with increasing levels of lipid peroxidation as measured by pentane exhalation in human subjects (Zarling et al 1993). Although antioxidant levels in the frontal lobes of the brain have been reported to decrease in an age-related fashion (Craft et al 2004), blood antioxidant levels and enzymes may not be lower in older subjects unless there is poor nutrition or active disease processes (Vogel et al 1997; Wouters-Wesseling et al 2003; Zarling et al 1993). …”

Section: Basic Features Of Aging That Can Affect Response To Xenobioticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Factors That Can Affect Sensitivity to Neurotoxic Sequelae in Elderly Individuals

Ginsberg

Hattis

Russ

et al. 2005

Environ Health Perspect

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Early-life exposure to agents that modulate neurologic function can have long-lasting effects well into the geriatric period. Many other factors can affect neurologic function and susceptibility to neurotoxicants in elderly individuals. In this review we highlight pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors that may increase geriatric susceptibility to these agents. There is a decreasing trend in hepatic metabolizing capacity with advancing years that can affect the ability to clear therapeutic drugs and environmental chemicals. This factor combined with decreased renal clearance causes prolonged retention of numerous drugs in elderly individuals. A geriatric pharmacokinetic database was developed to analyze changes in drug clearance with advancing age. This analysis shows that the half-life of drugs processed by hepatic cytochrome P450 enzymes or via renal elimination is typically 50–75% longer in those older than 65 than in young adults. Liver and kidney diseases are more common in elderly individuals and can further decrease the clearance function of these organs. Polypharmacy, the administration of numerous drugs to a single patient, is very common in elderly individuals and increases the risks for drug interaction and side effects. With advancing age the nervous system undergoes a variety of changes, including neuronal loss, altered neurotransmitter and receptor levels, and decreased adaptability to changes induced by xenobiotics. These changes in the central nervous system can make elderly individuals more susceptible to neurologic dysfunction when confronted with single pharmacologic agents, polypharmacy, or environmental toxicants. The many factors that affect elderly responses to neuroactive agents make environmental risk assessment for this age group a special concern and present a unique challenge.

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“…However, these become less efficient with ongoing age leaving tissues and cell structures increasingly exposed to oxidative stress [23] . Adequate supply of nonenzymatic antioxidants like ␤ -carotene, ␣ -tocopherol and ascorbic acid can improve the oxidative balance and they do not even have to be given as supplements, but foods rich in these compounds also have shown positive effects [24,25] .…”

Section: Oxidative Stress and Impaired Immune Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Composition, Changing Physiological Functions and Nutrient Requirements of the Elderly

Elmadfa

Meyer²

2008

Ann Nutr Metab

112

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Age has an important impact on body composition. The decreases of lean body mass and total body water accompanied by an increase of body fat are the most relevant changes leading to a reduction of the basal metabolic rate. Due to this and the fact that elderly people are generally less physically active, energy needs are lower. However, the requirements for most micronutrients are not reduced. Indeed, impaired absorption of some vitamins and minerals like cobalamin and calcium can cause deficiencies. An adequate calcium supply is particularly important as with ongoing age, bone mass decreases as well, making elderly prone to osteoporosis. The reduced ability to synthesize vitamin D and the lower sunlight exposure of many elderly further aggravate this issue. There is evidence to consider the supply of some important dietary antioxidants as critical in some elderly, namely vitamin C and β-carotene as well as zinc. In light of age-related decreases in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, a sufficient supply of dietary antioxidants is important, especially as oxidative damage is thought to contribute to the deteriorating processes associated with aging and promote cardiovascular disease, cognitive disorders, cancer and diabetes mellitus that occur more frequently in older people. The first three are also associated with an insufficiency of folate, another critical nutrient in the elderly. Therefore, dietary guidelines should strive to optimize the immune function and reduce disease risk of the elderly.

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Biochemical Antioxidant Levels Respond to Supplementation with an Enriched Drink in Frail Elderly People

Abstract: Supplementation with an enriched drink can raise plasma levels of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants in frail elderly people.

Cited by 17 publications

References 34 publications

A review of the methodology for assessing in vivo antioxidant capacity

A review of the methodology for assessing in vivo antioxidant capacity

Pharmacokinetic and Pharmacodynamic Factors That Can Affect Sensitivity to Neurotoxic Sequelae in Elderly Individuals

Body Composition, Changing Physiological Functions and Nutrient Requirements of the Elderly

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