Biochemical and ultrastructural effects of nitrite in rainbow trout: Liver hypoxia as the root of the acute toxicity mechanism

Arillo, Attilio; Gaino, Elda; Margiocco, C.; Mensi, P.; Schenone, G.

doi:10.1016/0013-9351(84)90083-5

Cited by 61 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…This would also limit damage in a toxicological setting, but high nitrite concentrations may lead to excessive nitrosative stress, as is the case with high NO concentrations (Thomas et al, 2008), which will overrule cytoprotective effects. This is supported by reports of ultrastructural tissue damage in fish where nitrite had accumulated to high (millimolar) concentrations (Arillo et al, 1984;Sun et al, 2014).…”

Section: Branchial Hsp70 Expressionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Metabolic fates and effects of nitrite in brown trout under normoxic and hypoxic conditions: blood and tissue nitrite metabolism and interactions with branchialNOS,Na+/K+-ATPaseandhsp70expression

Frank

Gerber

Hansen

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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Nitrite secures essential nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability in hypoxia at low endogenous concentrations, whereas it becomes toxic at high concentrations. We exposed brown trout to normoxic and hypoxic water in the absence and presence of added ambient nitrite to decipher the cellular metabolism and effects of nitrite at basal and elevated concentrations under different oxygen regimes. We also tested hypotheses concerning the influence of nitrite on branchial nitric oxide synthase (NOS), Na + /K + -ATPase (nka) and heat shock protein (hsp70) mRNA expression. Basal plasma and erythrocyte nitrite levels were higher in hypoxia than normoxia, suggesting increased NOS activity. Nitrite exposure strongly elevated nitrite concentrations in plasma, erythrocytes, heart tissue and white muscle, which was associated with an extensive metabolism of nitrite to nitrate and to iron-nitrosylated and S-nitrosated compounds. Nitrite uptake was slightly higher in hypoxia than normoxia, and high internal nitrite levels extensively converted blood hemoglobin to methemoglobin and nitrosylhemoglobin. Hypoxia increased inducible NOS (iNOS) mRNA levels in the gills, which was overruled by a strong inhibition of iNOS expression by nitrite in both normoxia and hypoxia, suggesting negative-feedback regulation of iNOS gene expression by nitrite. A similar inhibition was absent for neuronal NOS. Branchial NKA activity stayed unchanged, but mRNA levels of the nkaα1a subunit increased with hypoxia and nitrite, which may have countered an initial NKA inhibition. Nitrite also increased hsp70 gene expression, probably contributing to the cytoprotective effects of nitrite at low concentrations. Nitrite displays a concentrationdependent switch between positive and negative effects similar to other signaling molecules.

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Section: Branchial Hsp70 Expressionsupporting

confidence: 65%

Metabolic fates and effects of nitrite in brown trout under normoxic and hypoxic conditions: blood and tissue nitrite metabolism and interactions with branchialNOS,Na+/K+-ATPaseandhsp70expression

Frank

Gerber

Hansen

et al. 2015

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…A difference in nitrite susceptibility between individuals has been noticed before in rainbow trout (Margiocco et al, 1983;Arillo et al, 1984; F. 5.…”

Section: Intraspecific Difference In Nitrite Susceptibilitymentioning

confidence: 61%

Cardiovascular changes and physiological response during nitrite exposure in rainbow trout

Aggergaard

Frank

2001

Journal of Fish Biology

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Nitrite-exposed (1 m) rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fell into two distinct groups with regard to susceptibility and physiological response. Group 1 accumulated nitrite in plasma to a concentration of 2·9 m within 24 h and died before 48 h. Group 2 survived for 96-144 h, and the accumulation of nitrite was slower, levelling off at a concentration c. 2·3 m at 72 h. Methaemoglobin (metHb) formation was faster in group 1 than in group 2, but both groups had a metHb fraction c. 70% before dying. The extracellular electrolyte balance was perturbed significantly only in group 1, where plasma [Cl ] decreased and plasma [K + ] increased. Heart rate increased rapidly, more in group 1 than in group 2. The tachycardia occurred before any significant changes in metHb or [K + ] had developed, suggesting that it was due to nitriteinduced vasodilation, possibly via nitric oxide generated from nitrite, that was countered by an increased cardiac pumping to re-establish blood pressure. Arterial blood pressure and pulse pressure were accordingly kept reasonably constant. Heart rate variability was significantly depressed in group 1. The ventilation rate was significantly increased fter 9 h of nitrite exposure in group 1, while the ventilation in group 2 did not increase significantly before 21 h. The data reveal that nitrite has substantial influence on the cardio-respiratory function in fishes. 2001 The Fisheries Society of the British Isles

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“…In fact, biochemical variations necessarily precede cellular and systemic changes and can be detected long before mortality, growth disturbances or other diseases are observed (Goldstein, 1972;Luk'yanenko, 1977). The parameters we chose are known to change in several physiological disturbances, generally taking place when homeostasis is maintained by heavy energetic expense (Narasimhan & Sundarazaj, 1971;Me Manon & Russel-Unter, 1977;Arillo et al, 1981Arillo et al, , 1982Arillo et al, , 1984Hornbach et al, 1983;Hochachka & Somero, 1984).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Irradiance, temperature and circannual cycle ofEudendrium glomeratumPicard (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)

Bavestrello

Arillo

1992

Bolletino di zoologia

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Biochemical and ultrastructural effects of nitrite in rainbow trout: Liver hypoxia as the root of the acute toxicity mechanism

Cited by 61 publications

References 24 publications

Metabolic fates and effects of nitrite in brown trout under normoxic and hypoxic conditions: blood and tissue nitrite metabolism and interactions with branchialNOS,Na+/K+-ATPaseandhsp70expression

Metabolic fates and effects of nitrite in brown trout under normoxic and hypoxic conditions: blood and tissue nitrite metabolism and interactions with branchialNOS,Na+/K+-ATPaseandhsp70expression

Cardiovascular changes and physiological response during nitrite exposure in rainbow trout

Irradiance, temperature and circannual cycle ofEudendrium glomeratumPicard (Hydrozoa, Cnidaria)

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