Biochemical and physiological changes in gamma-irradiated wheat during germination

Ananthaswamy, Honnavara N.; Vakil, U. K.; Sreenivasan, A.

doi:10.1016/s0033-7560(71)91257-9

Cited by 64 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The highest performance of 65mM observed for stem height and leaf area, as well as number of leaves, recorded best at 55mM were similar to the findings of Animasaun et al (2014) in Arachis hypogeal. This mutagenic reduction in seed germination could be due to delay or inhibition in physiological and biological processes necessary for seed germination which include; enzyme activity (Chrispeeds and Varner, 1976), hormonal imbalance (Ananthaswamy et al, 1971) and inhibition of mitotic process (Sato and Gaul, 1967). Azide ion plays an important role in inducing mutation by interacting with enzymes and DNA in the cell.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variability on Tolerance of Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes Induced with Sodium Azide Mutagen

Olawuyi¹,

Okoli²

2017

mpb

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variability on tolerance of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes induced with sodium azide mutagen, Molecular Plant Breeding, 8(3): 27-37 (doi: 10.5376/mpb.2017.08.0003) Abstract This study investigated the mutagenic variability of maize (Zea mays L.) genotypes induced with sodium azide (NaN3).The seeds of maize genotypes; TZE-WDTSTR C4, TZM 154, SAMMAZ 15, DTE-YSR BC3, EV99 QPM, DTSR COF2, TZM 146 and TZM 1441 were pre-soaked in distilled water for six hours before treated with 20ml of sodium azide at 35, 45, 55, and 65 mM for six hours. The untreated maize served as control. The seeds were sown on perforated polythene bags containing 7kg of soil with three replicates in a complete randomized design. The observations from seedling to maturity recorded albino, xantha and viridis mutant traits. The mitotic studies carried out on the root tips of the seedlings revealed chromosomal aberrations such as abnormal anaphase and metaphase and chromosomal deletion. There were variations among the genotypes for yield, morpho-agronomic traits and mutation tolerance. TZE-WDTSTR C4, TZM 154 and TZM 146 were early maturing genotypes. TZM 1441 and EV99 QPM were the most tolerant genotypes to mutagenic effect, while EV99 QPM performed best for percentage seed germination, ear aspect, husk cover and mutation tolerance. The mutation tolerance was positive and strongly correlated with agronomic and yield traits (days to first tasseling, tasseling length, plant stand, ear aspect, husk cover and number of cobs) compared to growth traits. The number of cobs produced is positive and strongly related with mutation tolerance at r = 0.77; p < 0.01, while the ear aspect is positive and strongly associated with husk cover, number of cobs and mutation tolerance at r = 0.86, 0.76 and 0.79 respectively. The first Principal Component Axis (Prin. 1) had the highest contribution to the variation of morphological, yield and mutation tolerance traits with proportion and Eigen value of 23.12% and 3.24 respectively, while Prin. 14 had the least contribution. Stem height, grain weight, shoot biomass and root biomass were closely related to mutation tolerance in Prin. 1 than other traits. Therefore, selection of the most tolerant genotypes to sodium azide (chemical mutagen) should be considered in breeding programmes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Variability on Tolerance of Maize (Zea mays L.) Genotypes Induced with Sodium Azide Mutagen

Olawuyi¹,

Okoli²

2017

mpb

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“…Others have suggested that GA causes the reduction in frequency of observable chromosome aberrations by promoting protein synthesis synchronously with chromosome rejoining system; this would imply that the proteins evidently are involved in the chromosome repairing mechanism (Wolff 1956, Wolff and Luippold 1956and Paleg and Sparrow 1962. Recent findings (Varner 1964, Ananthaswamy et al 1971and Muller 1971 indicate that GA is involved in controlling the synthesis of alpha-amylase and ribonuclease in barley and wheat as well as changes in activities of catalase and peroxidase in pea mutants. Ribonuclease can stimulate the chromo some repair system and the stimulation of various enzymes can indirectly affect the physiological activities of treated plants.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gibberellic Acid Protection against EMS and MMS Induced Damage to Chromosomes in Pisum sativum L

Narsinghani¹,

Kumar²

1976

CYTOLOGIA

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Chromosomal aberrations produced by physical and chemical mutagens are the main causes of damage in mutation studies However, recent experiments have amply revealed that a great many factors modify the chromosomal damage by affecting the biological changes induced by physical and chemical mutagens (Curtis et al., 1958, Nilan et al., 1961and Konzak et al., 1965. Hormones, e.g., indole acetic acid, along with other chemicals have been found to modify the mutagenic damage only to the extent that they influence the growth pattern in plants (Guttman and Brown 1959, Gaur and Notani 1963and Arartjan 1967.The present experiments relate to cytological changes observed in ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) treated peas during M,, M2 and M3 generations. Further, studies were also conducted to study the modify ing effect of post-mutagenic treatments with gibberellic acid. Materials and methodsPea seeds (Pisum sativum L., 2n=14) of variety Bonnvile were used for the present studies. Two chemical mutagens namely ethyl methane sulphonate (EMS) and methyl methane sulphonate (MMS) were employed, while gibberellic acid (GA) was the only hormone tested as a post treatment during these studies. In the first instance, preliminary studies were conducted to determine the suitable dose of each of the mutagens. These preliminary studies revealed that the suitable dose for EMS was 0.25% and 0.025% for MMS (volume by volume). The mutagenic solu tions were prepared in phosphate buffer adjusted to a pH of 7.0. Only one con centration of GA of 1000 ppm was used as this was found to be the most suitable concentration (Narsinghani and Kumar 1971). The following treatments were used:-1. EMS 0.25% 4. MMS 0.025%+GA (1000 ppm) 2. EMS 0.25%+GA (1000 ppm) 5. GA (Control) 1000ppm 3. MMS 0.025% 6. Control-distilled water. The seeds were first presoaked for two hours in distilled water and then im mersed in solutions of mutagens for ten hours. At the end of the treatment the seeds were washed with distilled water and sown in the field. Plants in the M1 generation were tagged individually and chromosomal aberrations recorded. The

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“…This could result in severe physiological disturbances and acute chromosomal aberrations (Singh et al, 1997). Ananthaswamy et al (1971) reported that chromosomal aberrations induce catalase and lipase enzymatic activity. They also affect the hormonal activity that leads to reduced wheat seed germination as suggested by Lewis et al 2002.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mutagenic influences of colchicine on phenological and molecular diversity of Calendula officinalis L.

El-Nashar¹,

Ammar²

2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Six different colchicine concentrations: 0, 400, 800, 1200, 1600, and 2000 ppm, in combination with four soaking time treatments (1, 2, 3, and 4 h), were selected to assess the effects on germination, vegetative growth, and flower yield components in calendula plants. The molecular diversity among the treatments was assessed using ten SRAP marker combinations. Seed soaking in colchicine significantly enhanced both the fresh and the dry shoot and root masses, flowering date, number of flowers per plant, and flower diameter. At 1200-ppm colchicine combined with a 4-h soaking time, a superior effect on seed germination was observed, whereas 800 ppm for 4 h produced the highest number of flowers and the largest flower diameter. The earliest flowering time was found at 800 ppm combined with a short soaking time (1 h), while the 4-h soaking time with 800 ppm, is recommended for growing calendula outdoors, since it enhances flower development. At the molecular level, 752 fragments were successfully amplified

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Biochemical and physiological changes in gamma-irradiated wheat during germination

Cited by 64 publications

References 36 publications

Genetic Variability on Tolerance of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Genotypes Induced with Sodium Azide Mutagen

Genetic Variability on Tolerance of Maize (<i>Zea mays</i> L.) Genotypes Induced with Sodium Azide Mutagen

Gibberellic Acid Protection against EMS and MMS Induced Damage to Chromosomes in <i>Pisum sativum</i> L

Mutagenic influences of colchicine on phenological and molecular diversity of Calendula officinalis L.

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