Biochemical and Phenotypic Characterization of Salinity Potato Tolerance in Tissue Culture

Abstract

One of the main abiotic factors that significantly reduces the production of agricultural crops in arid and semiarid areas is salinity. The current study aims to create an effective in vitro screening method for four potato genotypes (Lady Rosetta, Hermes, Cara, and Spunta) to test their salt tolerance at concentrations of 0.0, 250, 500, 1000, 2000, and 4000 mg/l NaCl supplemented with MS media. Buds on Murashige and Skoog medium fortified with varying doses of BAP and KN (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 2.0 mg/l) were inoculated in order to initiate shoot growth. In the MS medium containing 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l KN, the most multiple shoots were produced. However, Lady Rosetta also set the record for the most shoots per jar (13.70l). On the other side, Lady Rosetta's concentration of 2.00 mg/l KN produced the most leaves (39.44/jar). At 0.50 mg/l KN, Hermes and Spunta produced shoots with the same maximum length (10.00 cm). Different NaCl concentrations in MS media had a negative impact on the quantity of shoots. When grown on MS medium enriched with 4000 mg/ NaCl, Lady Rosetta is more resilient to salt stress. The Lady Rosetta experiment with a 1000 mg/l NaCl concentration yielded the most leaves (94.00 leaves/jar). A decrease in fresh weight was caused by higher salt concentrations. In comparison to other genotypes, Hermes' dry weight (0.67g/jar) with treatment with 250 mg/l NaCl was the greatest. Four potato genotypes had considerably lower levels of photosynthetic pigments, such as chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, and total carotenoid, which was associated with a drop in osmotic pressure in the culture medium. It will make it easier to conduct research on the growth of potato plants that can withstand salt from in vitro-selected cells. In dry and semi-arid regions of the world, as well as in the creation of novel, unconventional potato breeding projects, it might be economically significant.