Biochemical and morphological changes in rats exposed to platinum nanoparticles

Abstract

This study evaluated the toxicity potential of platinum (Pt) nanoparticles in Wistar rats. Wistar rats weighing between 180 and 193 g were randomly assigned into four groups. Animals in group 1 served as the control and received distilled water. Those in groups 2, 3, and 4 were administered with 10, 50, and 100 mg/kg body weight of Pt nanoparticles, respectively. At the end of treatments, the rats were fasted for 24 h and sacrificed under mild anesthesia. The blood and vital organs were collected and used for the biochemical and histopathological examinations. Pt nanoparticles caused significant alterations to the rat organ weights relative to the control. Also, the Pt nanoparticles altered the rat level of lipid profile and significantly elevated the atherogenic index relative to the control. The total protein level was increased in the tissues while the albumin decreased following nanoparticle treatment. Also, the nanoparticles inconsistently altered the level of serum urea and creatinine while the serum bilirubin level was raised. The activities of aspartate transaminase and alkaline phosphatase were reduced by nanoparticle treatments. However, the level of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) was inconsistently altered in serum and tissues by nanoparticle treatment with a significant elevation in the liver. Furthermore, nanoparticle exposure in rats caused several morphological lesions including inflammation and cellular degeneration, all of which were conspicuously absent in the control group. We show evidence that Pt nanoparticles potentiated alteration of rat biochemical and morphological indices in manners reminiscent of early cellular injury.

Metal nanoparticles restrict the growth of protozoan parasites

“…The nanoparticles were prepared as previously reported; AuNP, AgNP and PtNP were synthesized from HAuCl 4 , AgNO 3 and H 2 PtCl 6 , respectively, and stabilized with tannic acid/ ethanol [23,24,26,27]. Alloys of the nanoparticles (Ag-Au-Pt-NP, Ag-Pt-NP, Au-Pt-NP and Ag-Au-NP) were synthesized as previously reported [27] with little modification.…”

“…The tryptophan-nanoparticle conjugates (AuNP TRP and AgNP TRP ) were prepared as previously described and characterized [28]. The resulting coloured solutions (AgNP, pale yellow; AuNP, ruby red; PtNP, dark brown; Ag-Au-Pt,-NP, dark-brown; Ag-Pt-NP, dark brown; Au-Pt-NP, dark wine red; Ag-Au-NP, brownish wine red; AuNP TRP , wine-red; and AgNP TRP , pale yellow) were filtered through 0.22-lm filters and characterized by use of UV/Vis spectrophotometry, inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) [23,24,26,27,29].…”

Are platinum nanoparticles safe to human health?

“…Interesting is the fact that the activities of alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase were reduced while the level of alanine aminotranferase was raised in the liver (both in tissues and serum). This study demonstrated that platinum nanoparticles caused morphological lesions, including inflammation (an increase in the total protein concentration in the heart, kidney and liver) and cellular degeneration [22].…”

“…Adeyemi et al exposed Wistar rats to PtNPs via the oral route [22]. The animals received a daily dose of the studied nanoparticles (10, 50 or 100 mg/kg) for 30 consecutive days.…”

Histological and biochemical effects of Cinnamomum cassia nanoparticles in kidneys of diabetic Sprague-Dawley rats

“…A decrease in the level of serum urea after 56 days of administration of CcAgNPs observed in our study might be attributable to reduced amino acid degradation by the liver; moreover, this finding correlates with a decline in ALB levels in CcAgNPs-treated groups. Previously, studies showed that serum creatinine levels in animal model were significantly reduced suggesting enhanced glomerular clearance or impaired muscle metabolism [31,32].…”