Biochemical and molecular depictions to develop ech42 gene-specific SCAR markers for recognition of chitinolytic Trichoderma inhibiting Macrophomina phaseolina (Maubl.) Ashby

Gajera, H. P.; Hirpara, Darshna G.; Savaliya, Disha D.; Parakhia, Manoj V.

doi:10.1007/s00203-023-03582-0

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

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“…Biological control is seen as a viable, environmentally sustainable option due to the adverse ecological impacts associated with the employment of fungicides. Biological control agents like Trichoderma species have been found to effectively impede the progression of infections by employing various specialized mechanisms such as parasitism, antibiosis, and competition for resources and spatial occupancy within the rhizosphere zone 14 – 19 . Trichoderma species have been utilized with the goal of alleviating the proliferation of phytopathogenic fungi and the promotion of plant development in diverse field and vegetable crops 20 , 21 such as cucumber 22 , wheat 23 , common bean 24 , 25 , potato 26 , tomato 27 , 28 and groundnut 29 , 30 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trichoderma afroharzianum TRI07 metabolites inhibit Alternaria alternata growth and induce tomato defense-related enzymes

Philip,

Behiry,

Salem

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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Identifying a viable substitute for the limited array of current antifungal agents stands as a crucial objective in modern agriculture. Consequently, extensive worldwide research has been undertaken to unveil eco-friendly and effective agents capable of controlling pathogens resistant to the presently employed fungicides. This study explores the efficacy of Trichoderma isolates in combating tomato leaf spot disease, primarily caused by Alternaria alternata. The identified pathogen, A. alternata Alt3, was isolated and confirmed through the ITS region (OQ888806). Six Trichoderma isolates were assessed for their ability to inhibit Alt3 hyphal growth using dual culture, ethyl acetate extract, and volatile organic compounds (VOCs) techniques. The most promising biocontrol isolate was identified as T. afroharzianum isolate TRI07 based on three markers: ITS region (OQ820171), translation elongation factor alpha 1 gene (OR125580), and RNA polymerase II subunit gene (OR125581). The ethyl acetate extract of TRI07 isolate was subjected to GC–MS analysis, revealing spathulenol, triacetin, and aspartame as the main compounds, with percentages of 28.90, 14.03, and 12.97%, respectively. Analysis of TRI07-VOCs by solid-phase microextraction technique indicated that the most abundant compounds included ethanol, hydroperoxide, 1-methylhexyl, and 1-octen-3-one. When TRI07 interacted with Alt3, 34 compounds were identified, with major components including 1-octen-3-one, ethanol, and hexanedioic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) ester. In greenhouse experiment, the treatment of TRI07 48 h before inoculation with A. alternata (A3 treatment) resulted in a reduction in disease severity (16.66%) and incidence (44.44%). Furthermore, A3 treatment led to improved tomato growth performance parameters and increased chlorophyll content. After 21 days post-inoculation, A3 treatment was associated with increased production of antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD, SOD, and PPO), while infected tomato plants exhibited elevated levels of oxidative stress markers MDA and H2O2. HPLC analysis of tomato leaf extracts from A3 treatment revealed higher levels of phenolic acids such as gallic, chlorogenic, caffeic, syringic, and coumaric acids, as well as flavonoid compounds including catechin, rutin, and vanillin. The novelty lies in bridging the gap between strain-specific attributes and practical application, enhancing the understanding of TRI07’s potential for integrated pest management. This study concludes that TRI07 isolate presents potential natural compounds with biological activity, effectively controlling tomato leaf spot disease and promoting tomato plant growth. The findings have practical implications for agriculture, suggesting a sustainable biocontrol strategy that can enhance crop resilience and contribute to integrated pest management practices.

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