Biochemical and Immunological Studies With Human Optic and Olfactory Tracts

Ansari, Khurshed A.; Rand, Arlymae; Loch, J.

doi:10.1097/00005072-197811000-00004

Cited by 2 publications

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“…Whether olfaction is affected or not by demyelination has been controversial for decades (Zimmermann and Netsky, ; Wender and Szmeja, ; Ansari, ). A partially wrong interpretation on the proposed role of the amount of MBP and localization of lesions in MS (Lumsden, ; Ansari and Komanduri, ; Ansari, ; Ansari et al, ) may have influenced the field, leading to ignore this possibility. Even more, maximalist reports on the causes of genetic anosmia (like KS), merely link major anatomical abnormalities with defects in smell.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…On the contrary to other sensory systems, as the visual one (Tauber et al, ; Barres and Raff, ), changes in olfactory activity does not affect myelination in the LOT (Philpot et al, ). In humans, the LOT is less myelinated than the optic nerve (Ansari et al, ), although this comparison has been done between axons from different nature (primary sensory and not).…”

Section: Myelin and Not Myelin: The Olfactory Nerve And The Lateral Omentioning

confidence: 99%

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Olfactory System and Demyelination

García‐González

Murcia‐Belmonte

Clemente

et al. 2013

The Anatomical Record

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Within the central nervous system, the olfactory system represents one of the most exciting scenarios since it presents relevant examples of long-life sustained neurogenesis and continuous axonal outgrowth from the olfactory epithelium with the subsequent plasticity phenomena in the olfactory bulb. The olfactory nerve is composed of nonmyelinated axons with interesting ontogenetic interpretations. However, the centripetal projections from the olfactory bulb are myelinated axons which project to more caudal areas along the lateral olfactory tract. In consequence, demyelination has not been considered as a possible cause of the olfactory symptoms in those diseases in which this sense is impaired. One prototypical example of an olfactory disease is Kallmann syndrome, in which different mutations give rise to combined anosmia and hypogonadotropic hypogonadism, together with different satellite symptoms. Anosmin-1 is the extracellular matrix glycoprotein altered in the X-linked form of this disease, which participates in cell adhesion and migration, and axonal outgrowth in the olfactory system and in other regions of the central nervous system. Recently, we have described a new patho-physiological role of this protein in the absence of spontaneous remyelination in multiple sclerosis. In the present review, we hypothesize about how both main and satellite neurological symptoms of Kallmann syndrome may be explained by alterations in the myelination. We revisit the relationship between the olfactory system and myelin highlighting that minor histological changes should not be forgotten as putative causes of olfactory malfunction. Anat Rec, 296:1424Rec, 296: -1434Rec, 296: , 2013. V C 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.Key words: myelin; lateral olfactory tract; olfactory bulb; Kallmann Syndrome; anosmin-1; FGFR1; FGF2; subventricular zone; multiple sclerosisAbbreviations used: AOB 5 accessory olfactory bulb; CNS 5 central nervous system; CR 5 cysteine-rich region; ECM 5 extracellular matrix; EGFR 5 epidermal growth factor receptor; FGF 5 fibroblast growth factor; FGFR1 5 fibroblast growth factor receptor-1; FnIII 5 fibronectin-like type III; HS 5 heparan sulphates; KS 5 Kallmann syndrome; LOT 5 lateral olfactory tract; MS 5 multiple sclerosis; OB 5 olfactory bulb; OEG 5 olfactory ensheathing glia; OPC 5 oligodendrocyte precursor cell; OSN 5 olfactory sensory neurons; PNS 5 peripheral nervous system; SVZ 5 forebrain subventricular zone; WAP 5 whey acidic protein; X-KS 5 X-linked Kallmann syndrome

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Myelin and Not Myelin: The Olfactory Nerve And The Lateral Omentioning

confidence: 99%

Olfactory System and Demyelination

García‐González

Murcia‐Belmonte

Clemente

et al. 2013

The Anatomical Record

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Regional studies of myelin proteins in human brain and spinal cord

1984

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The myelin specific proteins, myelin basic protein (MBP) and myelin proteolipid protein (PLP) were quantitated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and the activity of the enzyme 2',3'-cyclic 3' phosphohydrolase (CNP) measured, in 27 regions of normal brain and spinal cord. Varying regional concentrations for each protein and regional variations for protein ratios were noted, supporting the concept of a varying chemical composition for myelin throughout the central nervous system (CNS). Variation was also noted among myelin subfractions from a single region. Regions with special sensitivity to the multiple sclerosis process had relatively lower proportions of CNP in several, but not all cases.

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Biochemical and Immunological Studies With Human Optic and Olfactory Tracts

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Olfactory System and Demyelination

Olfactory System and Demyelination

Regional studies of myelin proteins in human brain and spinal cord

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