Biochemical and immunological characterization of anthrax spore vaccine in goat

Abstract

Anthrax is caused by Bacillus anthracis bacterium and an acute infectious febrile septicemic disease of all warm-blooded animals including human. It is a disease of major economic importance in ruminant specially in goat characterized principally by a rapid fatal course followed by sudden death. The present investigation was under taken to determine the biochemical characterization of anthrax spore vaccine bacteria and to determine the immunological response in goat after anthrax vaccination. Anthrax vaccine was collected from local government veterinary hospital, Mymensingh which was prepared by LRI. The goats were selected from different regions of Bangladesh. The used methods were culture of vaccine bacterial sediment in different media, staining of bacteria with Gram's stain, and sugar fermentation tests for biochemical characterization of anthrax vaccine bacteria. Slide agglutination test and indirect ELISA tests were performed for immunological response after vaccination. Morphologically anthrax vaccine bacteria was gram positive rod shaped or short chain in anthrax vaccine sediment, culture in nutrient agar and nutrient broth. The anthrax vaccine bacteria fermented three sugars (dextrose, maltose and sucrose) and produced only acid but did not ferment two sugars (lactose and mannitol).

ELISA Based Anthrax Antibody Titer in Cattle Induced by Locally Prepared Anthrax Vaccine Originated from Sterne F-24 Strain in Bangladesh

“…Anything that alters the replication of the organisms in the body can cause altered immune response induced by the vaccine as well as render the vaccine become ineffective (CDC website). However, our findings strengthen the findings of Dipti et al (2013) and Roy et al (2013) who conducted the research works up to 90 days. In this study we report the results for an extended period of time upto one year.…”

“…Vaccination response as obtained in this study differed from the finding of Dipti et al (2013) and Roy et al (2013) although they used same vaccine that we used in our study, who could detect early immune response in cattle at day 30 of immunization; whereas, in the present study we revealed early response at day 7 of post-vaccination. In addition, Dipti et al (2013) described a steady increase in antibody level upto 90days.…”

Development of a Sterne-Based Complement Fixation Test to Monitor the Humoral Response Induced by Anthrax Vaccines

“…The CFT results indicated that the production of specific antibodies induced by vaccination with Sterne 34F 2 did not persist over a long period of time in cattle. In many studies, conducted in cattle and goats, the antibody response following vaccination against anthrax was monitored using a PA-based ELISA, currently accepted as the best serological procedure, and different antibody kinetics were observed ( Dipti et al, 2013 ; Roy et al, 2013 ; Hassan et al, 2015 ). However, the comparison of serological data is very difficult since many factors affect the immune response of animals, such as the vaccine type, the age of vaccination and, mostly, the health status of animals ( IOWA Beef Center website, 2015 ).…”

“…Also, a single dose of Sterne vaccine may not be sufficient to ensure protective immunity in the animal to last for a year, and more than one initial dose of the Sterne vaccine may be necessary ( Turnbull et al, 2004 ; Mongoh et al, 2008 ; World Health Organization [WHO], 2008 ). However, very few studies focusing on immunological characterization have been conducted with cattle and goats ( Dipti et al, 2013 ; Roy et al, 2013 ).…”

Maximization of Livestock Anthrax Vaccination Coverage in Bangladesh: An Alternative Approach

“…Many exploratory studies were performed in Bangladesh to find out the reasons of repeated outbreaks of anthrax, and many of them have suggested measures to control the disease. Most of the studies agreed that limited vaccination coverage was one of the most important contributing factors, and studies recommended that regular effective vaccination may reduce anthrax infection [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 ]. Anthrax vaccine for livestock is available in Bangladesh and manufactured by the Livestock Research Institute (LRI, Dhaka, Bangladesh), a government-regulated and -owned institute under the Ministry of Fisheries and Livestock.…”