Biochemical and Genetic Approaches Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cereal Crops: A Review

Sandhu, Nitika; Sethi, Mehak; Kumar, Aman; Dang, Devpriya; Singh, Jasneet; Chhuneja, Parveen

doi:10.3389/fpls.2021.657629

Cited by 50 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 282 publications

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“…Interestingly, PPI networks of proteins encoded by DEGs in Nidhi and Panvel1 revealed a sub-cluster/molecular complex associated with chloroplast development/processes in Panvel1, but not in Nidhi ( Supplementary Figure S3 ). Chloroplast development and associated processes such as N-assimilation are considered hotspots for NUE improvement in plants ( Sandhu et al, 2021 ). Our earlier greenhouse/field experiments demonstrated that Panvel1 had higher chlorophyll contents ( Sharma et al, 2021 ), which may in part explain its higher NUE via better management of N-related cellular homeostasis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses of Nitrate-Response in Rice Genotypes With Contrasting Nitrogen Use Efficiency Reveals Common and Genotype-Specific Processes, Molecular Targets and Nitrogen Use Efficiency-Candidates

et al. 2022

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The genetic basis for nitrogen (N)-response and N use efficiency (NUE) must be found in N-responsive gene expression or protein regulation. Our transcriptomic analysis of nitrate response in two contrasting rice genotypes of Oryza sativa ssp. Indica (Nidhi with low NUE and Panvel1 with high NUE) revealed the processes/functions underlying differential N-response/NUE. The microarray analysis of low nitrate response (1.5 mM) relative to normal nitrate control (15 mM) used potted 21-days old whole plants. It revealed 1,327 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) exclusive to Nidhi and 666 exclusive to Panvel1, apart from 70 common DEGs, of which 10 were either oppositely expressed or regulated to different extents. Gene ontology analyses revealed that photosynthetic processes were among the very few processes common to both the genotypes in low N response. Those unique to Nidhi include cell division, nitrogen utilization, cytoskeleton, etc. in low N-response, whereas those unique to Panvel1 include signal transduction, protein import into the nucleus, and mitochondria. This trend of a few common but mostly unique categories was also true for transporters, transcription factors, microRNAs, and post-translational modifications, indicating their differential involvement in Nidhi and Panvel1. Protein-protein interaction networks constructed using DEG-associated experimentally validated interactors revealed subnetworks involved in cytoskeleton organization, cell wall, etc. in Nidhi, whereas in Panvel1, it was chloroplast development. NUE genes were identified by selecting yield-related genes from N-responsive DEGs and their co-localization on NUE-QTLs revealed the differential distribution of NUE-genes between genotypes but on the same chromosomes 1 and 3. Such hotspots are important for NUE breeders.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses of Nitrate-Response in Rice Genotypes With Contrasting Nitrogen Use Efficiency Reveals Common and Genotype-Specific Processes, Molecular Targets and Nitrogen Use Efficiency-Candidates

et al. 2022

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“…Nitrogen availability can influence maize plant growth and grain yield. The influence of nitrogen availability on maize grain yield can be determined using physiological components such as the interception and effective use of radiation, as well as nitrogen partitioning to reproductive organ (Sandhu et al, 2021). Nitrogen fertilizer affects maize dry matter production by influencing leaf area development, maintenance, and photosynthetic efficiency (Kaur et al, 2012;Shah et al, 2021a).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Maize (Zea mays L.) Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Response to Nitrogen Application Levels and Time

et al. 2022

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Productivity of maize (Zea mays L.) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) as affected by nitrogen application levels and timing were studied. The experimental design was a three-replication randomized complete block design (RCBD). The first factor was nitrogen levels (122, 240, 288 and 336 kg N/ha) and the second factor was nitrogen timing (50% of N at sowing and 50% of N before the first irrigation; T1, 50% of N at sowing and 50% of N before the second irrigation; T2 and 50% of N before the first irrigation and 50% of N before the second irrigation; T3). Results indicated that plant height, ear length, kernel weight, number of grains/rows, number of grains/ear and grain yields all increased significantly as nitrogen levels increased and the level of 336 kg N/ha significantly exhibiting the highest values in both seasons. In terms of nitrogen application time, maize yield parameters such as plant height, ear length, kernel weight/ear, number of grains/rows, number of grains/ear and grain yield were significantly affected by nitrogen timing, with the highest values obtained at T3 while the lowest values obtained at T1 in both seasons. The interaction had a significant impact on plant height and grain yield/ha, with the tallest plants, the highest yields and its components observed at 336 kg N/ha, with 50% of N applied during the first irrigation and 50% of N applied during the second. Furthermore, under the study conditions, NUE decreased dramatically as nitrogen levels increased and increased significantly as nitrogen application time changed.

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“…Therefore, it is necessary to rationalize the needs underlying N use by wheat crops to optimize the application of N-based fertilizers in the field. Plants take up N from the soil, mostly in the form of nitrate (NO 3 − ) and ammonium (NH 4 + ), by means of the corresponding nitrate (NRT) and ammonium (AMT) transporters [ 13 ]. Plant N assimilation is a complex process that is regulated by different enzymes, including the nitrate reductase (NIA), nitrite reductase (NiR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate synthase (GOGAT).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Trichoderma asperellum on Wheat Plants’ Biochemical and Molecular Responses, and Yield under Different Water Stress Conditions

Illescas

Morán-Diez

Alba

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Eight Trichoderma strains were evaluated for their potential to protect wheat seedlings against severe (no irrigation within two weeks) water stress (WS). Considering the plant fresh weight and phenotype, T. asperellum T140, which displays 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity and which is able to produce several phytohormones, was selected. The molecular and biochemical results obtained from 4-week-old wheat seedlings linked T140 application with a downregulation in the WS-response genes, a decrease in antioxidant activities, and a drop in the proline content, as well as low levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in response to severe WS. All of these responses are indicative of T140-primed seedlings having a higher tolerance to drought than those that are left untreated. A greenhouse assay performed under high nitrogen fertilization served to explore the long-term effects of T140 on wheat plants subjected to moderate (halved irrigation) WS. Even though all of the plants showed acclimation to moderate WS regardless of T140 application, there was a positive effect exerted by T. asperellum on the level of tolerance of the wheat plants to this stress. Strain T140 modulated the expression of a plant ABA-dependent WS marker and produced increased plant superoxide dismutase activity, which would explain the positive effect of Trichoderma on increasing crop yields under moderate WS conditions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of T. asperellum T140 as a biostimulant for wheat plants under WS conditions, making them more tolerant to drought.

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Biochemical and Genetic Approaches Improving Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Cereal Crops: A Review

Cited by 50 publications

References 282 publications

Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses of Nitrate-Response in Rice Genotypes With Contrasting Nitrogen Use Efficiency Reveals Common and Genotype-Specific Processes, Molecular Targets and Nitrogen Use Efficiency-Candidates

Comparative Transcriptomic Analyses of Nitrate-Response in Rice Genotypes With Contrasting Nitrogen Use Efficiency Reveals Common and Genotype-Specific Processes, Molecular Targets and Nitrogen Use Efficiency-Candidates

Maize (Zea mays L.) Productivity and Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Response to Nitrogen Application Levels and Time

Effect of Trichoderma asperellum on Wheat Plants’ Biochemical and Molecular Responses, and Yield under Different Water Stress Conditions

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