Biochemical and Cytologic Alterations in the Respiratory Tract of Rats Exposed for 4 Hours to Hydrogen Sulfide

Lopez, Alfonso; Prior, Michael G.; YONG, SHIRLEY; Albassam, Mudher; Lillie, L. E.

doi:10.1093/toxsci/9.4.753

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The previous experimental studies on rats and human revealed a role of H 2 S on the living cells. A study on experimental rats, H 2 S inhalation was found to have a severe cytotoxic effect on the nasal epithelium [6] and olfactory epithelial necrosis and sloughing [7]. In human studies, H 2 S was also found to have a dose-dependent intensification of cell death via apoptosis and necrosis [11].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…H 2 S odor was strongly associated with reports of alteration of daily activities, negative mood states, mucosal irritation, and upper respiratory symptoms [5]. It was also concluded by experiment on rats that inhalation of H 2 S had a severe cytotoxic effect on the nasal epithelium and a severe edematogenic effect on lung parenchyma [6] whereas acute exposure to 400 ppm H 2 S induced severe mitochondrial swelling in support cells and olfactory neurons, which progressed to olfactory epithelial necrosis and sloughing [7]. On the other hand, subchronic exposure of rats to 30 or 80 ppm H 2 S results in olfactory neuron loss and basal cell hyperplasia [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Short-term effects of subchronic low-level hydrogen sulfide exposure on oil field workers

Mousa

2014

Environ Health Prev Med

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Objectives To investigate the short-term effects of lowlevel hydrogen sulfide (H 2 S) exposure on oil field workers. Materials and methods Observational study included 34 patients who work at an oil field. All patients were males with age range of 22-60 years (mean 37 years). The data were collected by systematic questionnaire about symptoms. The inclusion criteria of patients were symptoms related to inhalation of H 2 S gas in the oil field. The complaints should be frequent and relapsed after each gas exposure and disappeared when there was no gas exposure. Exclusion criteria were the symptoms which experienced with or without H 2 S exposure. The presence of H 2 S gas was confirmed by valid gas detector devices. Results The most frequent presenting symptom was nasal bleeding. It was revealed in 18 patients (52.9 %). This followed by pharyngeal bleeding, gum bleeding, and bloody saliva (mouth bleeding) which were encountered in five cases for each complaint (14.7 %). Other less frequent presenting symptoms were tongue bleeding, bloody sputum, headache, abdominal colic, pharyngeal soreness, fatigue, and sleepiness. Conclusions Nasal mucosa was the most vulnerable part to H 2 S effect. Inhalation of H 2 S produced upper respiratory tract epithelial damage that led to bleeding from nose, pharynx, gum, tongue, trachea, and bronchi. There were no complaints of asthmatic attack upon exposure to low level of H 2 S. Sunlight had a significant role in reduction of ambient air H 2 S level.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Short-term effects of subchronic low-level hydrogen sulfide exposure on oil field workers

Mousa

2014

Environ Health Prev Med

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“…The left lung was cannulated in sitti and the lungs were lavaged 3 times with phosphate-buffered saline (Sigma) (PH 7.4) (19). The lavage fluid was centrifuged at 300 g (1,600 rpm) for 10 min at 4°C and the protein concentration (g/L) of lavage fluid supernatant determined (19).…”

Section: Broncho-alveolar La Rage and Protein Determinationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capsaicin Pretreatment Modifies Hydrogen Sulphide-Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats

Prior

Green

Lopez³

et al. 1990

Toxicol Pathol

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One of the major target organs of hydrogen sulphide gas is the lung. Exfoliation of upper respiratory epithelia and pulmonary edema are prominent efrects. Various neuropeptides contained in afferent C-fibres are intimately associated with the epithelia of the conducting airways and are liberated upon exposure to noxious gases. We sought to determine their role in the pathogenesis ofhydrogen-sulphide-induced pulmonary injury by pretreating rats with the neurotoxin, capsaicin, which is known to ablate a'subpopulation of vagal afferent C-fibres. Groups of capsaicin and saline (control) pretreated Fischer 344 rats were exposed to an edemogenic concentration of hydrogen sulphide (525-559 mg/m3) for 4 hr. Mortality was significantly greater (p < 0.01) in the capsaicin treated rats (12112) compared to the control animals (2112). Pulmonary injury was also more severe in the capsaicin pretreated animals as assessed by lung water content, histological grade of pulmonary edema and protein in the broncho-alveolar fluid. Animals depleted of substance P exhibited a significantly .greater (p c 0.01) degree of bronchial epithelial cell exfoliation and ulceration following exposure to hydrogen sulphide. These experiments indicate that capsaicin sensitive sensory nerves may play a major role in pulmonary defense against the effects of inhaled toxic gases such as hydrogen sulphide.

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“…In pulmonary diseases, the concentration of some cytoplasmic enzymes, such as lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), gammaglutamyl transferase (GGT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), which are found in the cell membrane, and some lysosomal enzymes, including beta-glucuronidase and beta-N-acetyl glucosaminidase, are increased. Microprotein (MP) and urea (UREA) concentrations in the BAL are regarded as indicators of changes in the respiratory membrane and in vascular permeability 11,12 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The increase in the enzyme activities in the BAL fluid (LDH, AST and GGT) reflects cell injury 11,21,22 . In this study, there were significant differences in the LDH and GGT enzyme activities of the BAL fluid between groups (Table 5).…”

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confidence: 99%

Cytologic-Enzymologic Diagnosis of Experimental Pneumonia Induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae Serotype II in Rats and Its Treatment with Free and Liposomal Enrofloxacin

Baş¹,

Üney²,

Hadimli³

et al. 2013

Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg

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SummaryEnrofloxacin (ENR) rapidly localizes in eukaryotic cells in vitro but does not remain for prolonged periods, thereby reducing the ENR efficacy of defense against intracellular pathogens. Delivery of ENR in a liposome-encapsulated form may enhance its intracellular residence time. In this study, experimental pneumonia was induced in healthy and dexamethasone-treated rats using Klebsiella pneumoniae serotype II. Free and liposome-encapsulated ENR were injected intravenously into the infected animals at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg/day for 5 days. Samples of tissue, plasma and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid were obtained at 1, 2, 3 and 4 days and 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks after the first antibiotic treatment. All of the samples were evaluated cytologically, enzymologically, microbiologically and pathologically. It was determined that cytologic and enzymologic diagnoses of BAL fluid are not meaningful for evaluating the treatment of the experimental pneumonia in rats. However, it was established that the use of ENR in liposomal form at a dose of 7.5 mg/kg for 5 days is more effective than the free form both in the treatment of K. pneumoniae infections and in the prevention of recurrent infections. Liposome-encapsulated antimicrobial agents should provide another choice for antimicrobial therapy in the future, but further investigation must be completed before clinical use. Keywords: Enrofloxacin, Experimental pneumonia, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Liposome, Rat, Treatment Ratlarda Klebsiella pneumoniae Serotip II İle Oluşturulan Deneysel Pnömonilerin Sitolojik-Enzimolojik Teşhisi ve Serbest ve Lipozomlanmış Enrofloksasin İle TedavisiÖzet Enrofloksasin (ENR) in vitro ortamlarda ökaryotik hücrelerde hızla lokalize olur, ancak uzun süre kalamadığı için hücre içi patojenlere karşı onun etkinliği azalır. Lipozomla kapsüle edilmiş formda ENR uygulanması hücre içi ortamlarda kalış zamanını artırabilir. Bu çalışmada, sağlıklı ve deksametazon uygulanmış ratlarda Klebsiella pneumoniae serotip II kullanılarak deneysel pnömoni oluşturuldu. Serbest ve lipozomla kapsüle edilmiş ENR enfekte hayvanlara intravenöz olarak beş gün boyunca 7.5 mg/kg/gün dozda enjekte edildi. İlk antibiyotik uygulamasından sonraki 1, 2, 3, 4. gün ve 1, 2, 3, 4. haftalarda plazma, doku ve bronko-alveolar lavaj (BAL) sıvısı örnekleri alındı. Tüm örnekler sitolojik, enzimolojik, mikrobiyolojik ve patolojik olarak değerlendirildi. Ratlarda deneysel pnömoninin tedavisinin değerlendirilmesinde BAL sıvısının sitolojik ve enzimolojik teşhisinin anlamsız olduğu belirlendi. Ancak, enrofloksasinin beş gün boyunca 7.5 mg/kg dozda lipozomal formda kullanımının hem K. pneumoniae enfeksiyonlarının tedavisinde hem de tekrarlayan enfeksiyonlarının önlenmesinde serbest formdan daha etkili olduğu tespit edildi. Lipozomla kapsüle edilmiş antimikrobiyal ajanlar gelecekte antimikrobiyal tedavide diğer bir seçenek sağlayacaklardır, ancak klinik kullanımdan önce çok sayıda araştırma yapılmalıdır.

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Biochemical and Cytologic Alterations in the Respiratory Tract of Rats Exposed for 4 Hours to Hydrogen Sulfide

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Short-term effects of subchronic low-level hydrogen sulfide exposure on oil field workers

Short-term effects of subchronic low-level hydrogen sulfide exposure on oil field workers

Capsaicin Pretreatment Modifies Hydrogen Sulphide-Induced Pulmonary Injury in Rats

Cytologic-Enzymologic Diagnosis of Experimental Pneumonia Induced by Klebsiella pneumoniae Serotype II in Rats and Its Treatment with Free and Liposomal Enrofloxacin

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