Biochemical and Biophysical Properties of Red Blood Cells in Disease

Barshtein, Gregory

doi:10.3390/biom12070923

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

(22 reference statements)

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“…Following treatment and normalization of oxygen saturation via oxygen therapy, we did not notice changes in aggregate porosity. This may be due to the fact that changes in the cellular factors studied here require either membrane repair, which is not very efficient, or the replacement of erythrocytes in the bloodstream, which is a rather slow process since the lifespan of RBCs is about 120 days [27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of COVID-19 on Cellular Factors Influencing Red Blood Cell Aggregation Examined in Dextran: Possible Causes and Consequences

Bosek,

Wybranowski,

Napiórkowska-Mastalerz

et al. 2023

IJMS

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Several studies have indicated that COVID-19 can lead to alterations in blood rheology, including an increase in red blood cell aggregation. The precise mechanisms behind this phenomenon are not yet fully comprehended. The latest findings suggest that erythrocyte aggregation significantly influences microcirculation, causes the formation of blood clots in blood vessels, and even damages the endothelial glycocalyx, leading to endothelial dysfunction. The focus of this research lies in investigating the cellular factors influencing these changes in aggregation and discussing potential causes and implications in the context of COVID-19 pathophysiology. For this purpose, the aggregation of erythrocytes in a group of 52 patients with COVID-19 pneumonia was examined in a 70 kDa Dextran solution, which eliminates the influence of plasma factors. Using image analysis, the velocities and sizes of the formed aggregates were investigated, determining their porosity. This study showed that the process of erythrocyte aggregation in COVID-19 patients, independent of plasma factors, leads to the formation of more compact, denser, three-dimensional aggregates. These aggregates may be less likely to disperse under circulatory shear stress, increasing the risk of thrombotic events. This study also suggests that cellular aggregation factors can be responsible for the thrombotic disorders observed long after infection, even when plasma factors have normalized. The results and subsequent broad discussion presented in this study can contribute to a better understanding of the potential complications associated with increased erythrocyte aggregation.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact of COVID-19 on Cellular Factors Influencing Red Blood Cell Aggregation Examined in Dextran: Possible Causes and Consequences

Bosek,

Wybranowski,

Napiórkowska-Mastalerz

et al. 2023

IJMS

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“…The oxidative stress within the vascular bed exerts multifaceted effects on the structural integrity of red blood cells, characterized by lipid peroxidation and the oxidation of membrane skeletal proteins. These biochemical alterations do not only compromise the molecular architecture of red blood cell membranes, but they also have profound implications for their functional properties [80][81][82][83].…”

Section: Shorter Erythrocyte Lifespanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anemia and Its Connections to Inflammation in Older Adults: A Review

Wacka,

Nicikowski,

Jarmuzek

et al. 2024

JCM

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Anemia is a common hematological disorder that affects 12% of the community-dwelling population, 40% of hospitalized patients, and 47% of nursing home residents. Our understanding of the impact of inflammation on iron metabolism and erythropoiesis is still lacking. In older adults, anemia can be divided into nutritional deficiency anemia, bleeding anemia, and unexplained anemia. The last type of anemia might be caused by reduced erythropoietin (EPO) activity, progressive EPO resistance of bone marrow erythroid progenitors, and the chronic subclinical pro-inflammatory state. Overall, one-third of older patients with anemia demonstrate a nutritional deficiency, one-third have a chronic subclinical pro-inflammatory state and chronic kidney disease, and one-third suffer from anemia of unknown etiology. Understanding anemia’s pathophysiology in people aged 65 and over is crucial because it contributes to frailty, falls, cognitive decline, decreased functional ability, and higher mortality risk. Inflammation produces adverse effects on the cells of the hematological system. These effects include iron deficiency (hypoferremia), reduced EPO production, and the elevated phagocytosis of erythrocytes by hepatic and splenic macrophages. Additionally, inflammation causes enhanced eryptosis due to oxidative stress in the circulation. Identifying mechanisms behind age-related inflammation is essential for a better understanding and preventing anemia in older adults.

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“…High deformability helps RBCs pass through micron-sized capillaries to transport gases and waste into peripheral tissues [ 2 ]. In microcirculation, RBCs are exposed to high shear stress as well as oxidative stress [ 3 ]. To resist these stresses and provide sufficient functionality, biochemical and structural alterations of RBCs occur sensitively depending on stress conditions [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The interface movement after 1 h is called the sedimentation velocity (mm/h). The sedimentation velocity is routinely used as an ESR index to detect chronic diseases and immune disorders [ 3 , 46 ]. However, the conventional ESR test does not provide information on variations in RBC distributions resulting from RBC sedimentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biomechanical Investigation of Red Cell Sedimentation Using Blood Shear Stress and Blood Flow Image in a Capillary Chip

Kang

2023

Micromachines

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Blood image intensity has been used to detect erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). However, it does not give information on the biophysical properties of blood samples under continuous ESR. In this study, to quantify mechanical variations of blood under continuous ESR, blood shear stress and blood image intensity were obtained by analyzing blood flows in the capillary channel. A blood sample is loaded into a driving syringe to demonstrate the proposed method. The blood flow rate is set in a periodic on–off pattern. A blood sample is then supplied into a capillary chip, and microscopic blood images are captured at specific intervals. Blood shear stress is quantified from the interface of the bloodstream in the coflowing channel. τ0 is defined as the maximum shear stress obtained at the first period. Simultaneously, ESRτ is then obtained by analyzing temporal variations of blood shear stress for every on period. AII is evaluated by analyzing the temporal variation of blood image intensity for every off period. According to the experimental results, a shorter period of T = 4 min and no air cavity contributes to the high sensitivity of the two indices (ESRτ and AII). The τ0 exhibits substantial differences with respect to hematocrits (i.e., 30–50%) as well as diluents. The ESRτ and AII showed a reciprocal relationship with each other. Three suggested properties represented substantial differences for suspended blood samples (i.e., hardened red blood cells, different concentrations of dextran solution, and fibrinogen). In conclusion, the present method can detect variations in blood samples under continuous ESR effectively.

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Biochemical and Biophysical Properties of Red Blood Cells in Disease

Abstract: Red blood cells (RBCs, erythrocytes) are highly specialized cells devoted to the transport of respiratory gases [...]

Cited by 8 publications

References 20 publications

The Impact of COVID-19 on Cellular Factors Influencing Red Blood Cell Aggregation Examined in Dextran: Possible Causes and Consequences

The Impact of COVID-19 on Cellular Factors Influencing Red Blood Cell Aggregation Examined in Dextran: Possible Causes and Consequences

Anemia and Its Connections to Inflammation in Older Adults: A Review

Biomechanical Investigation of Red Cell Sedimentation Using Blood Shear Stress and Blood Flow Image in a Capillary Chip

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