Biochemical and behaviour changes induced by acute stress in a chronic variate stress model of depression: the effect of amitriptyline

Ferretti, Carlo; Blengio, M.; Gamalero, S. Ricci; Ghi, Piera

doi:10.1016/0014-2999(95)00172-h

Cited by 48 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Neither were abnormalities found in the animals' general health or demeanor. In fact, the doses used in the present study have been demonstrated to be effective in animal models (Stockert et al, 1988;Bodnoff et al, 1989;Malatynska et al, 1995;Ferretti et al, 1995;McGrath and Norman 1998;Gur et al, 2002). Although we have not yet determined the causative factors for this paradox, the dose-related effects of the drugs on the BDNF immunostaining in hippocampal neurons may have functional significance and should be explored further.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

“…The volume of the injected solutions was 1.0 ml/kg. Both amitriptyline and venlafaxine were administered at two doses, 5 or 10 mg/kg (n ¼ 5 for each dose); these doses have been widely used in animal studies (Bodnoff et al, 1989;Ferretti et al, 1995;Gur et al, 1999). Over the course of the experiment, the rats were weighed every three days.…”

Section: Animals and Treatment Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dose-Related Effects of Chronic Antidepressants on Neuroprotective Proteins BDNF, Bcl-2 and Cu/Zn-SOD in Rat Hippocampus

Richardson

2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

156

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It has been proposed that antidepressants have neuroprotective effects on hippocampal neurons. To further test this hypothesis, brainderived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), B cell lymphoma protein-2 (Bcl-2), and copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (Cu/Zn-SOD) were examined immunohistochemically in hippocampal neurons of Sprague-Dawley rats following daily treatment with 5 or 10 mg/kg of amitriptyline or venlafaxine for 21 days. At 5 mg/kg, both amitriptyline and venlafaxine increased the intensity of BDNF immunostaining in hippocampal pyramidal neurons, and the intensity of Bcl-2 immunostaining in hippocampal mossy fibers, but did not alter the Cu/Zn-SOD immunoreactivity. The high dose of venlafaxine, however, decreased the intensity of BDNF immunostaining in all subareas of the hippocampus and increased the intensity of Cu/Zn-SOD immunostaining in the dentate granular cell layer. The high dose of amitriptyline increased the intensity of Cu/Zn-SOD immunostaining, but did not affect the immunoreactivity of Bcl-2 or BDNF. These findings suggest that the chronic administration of amitriptyline or venlafaxine at 5 mg/kg, but not 10 mg/kg, may be neuroprotective to hippocampal neurons. These dose-related effects of antidepressant drugs on hippocampal neurons may have relevance to disparate findings in the field.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Section: Animals and Treatment Paradigmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dose-Related Effects of Chronic Antidepressants on Neuroprotective Proteins BDNF, Bcl-2 and Cu/Zn-SOD in Rat Hippocampus

Richardson

2003

Neuropsychopharmacol

156

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“…The adrenal hypertrophy takes place in response to the secretion of ACTH from the pituitary for increased corticosterone from cortical cells to combat stress (30). The level of corticosterone was found to be more elevated during the AS rather then the CS in the experiment, indicating that CS alters important biochemical and endocrinological parameters in a different fashion than AS, as habituation occurs during CS (6). The CS has been reported as a model of aging, which mimics the truncated glucocorticoid negative feed back to the gluco- Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Therefore in our studies, we have used an immobilization stressor in acute stress (AS) as well as chronic stress (CS) models. Furthermore, besides AS, CS alters important neurological, behavioral, and biochemical parameters possibly in a different manner than AS (6).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-stress Effects of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng: a Comparative Study

et al. 2003

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Abstract. Stress is a global menace fortified by the advancement of industrialization. Failure of stress management is due to lack of proper evaluation of anti-stress products. We explored the anti-stress potential of the Ginkgo biloba (G. biloba, 30 mg / kg, p.o.) and compared it with that of Panax ginseng (P. ginseng, 100 mg / kg, p.o.) against acute stress (AS) and chronic stress (CS) models in rats. Immediately after AS and CS, the rats were sacrificed, and adrenal glands and stomach were dissected out for weight determination and scoring of the ulcer index (UI), respectively, as well as changes in biochemical parameters like plasma glucose (GL), triglycerides (TG), cholesterol (CL), creatine kinase (CK), and serum corticosterone (CORT) were also estimated. AS significantly increased UI, adrenal gland weight (AGW), GL, CK activity, and CORT, whereas G. biloba significantly reduced them. P. ginseng significantly reverted GL and CK activity. In CS, a significant increase was found in the UI, AGW, CK activity, and CORT with a decrease in the level of CL and TG. G. biloba did not produce any significant effect on CS-induced alterations. P. ginseng reduced the UI, AGW, plasma GL, TG, CK activity, and CORT level significantly. From the above study, G. biloba is more effective in AS, whereas for CS, P. ginseng will be a better option. Hence these extracts possess significant anti-stress properties and can be used for the treatment of stress-induced disorders.

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“…It is quite possible that the decrease in PLC may be in response to the activation of 5HT 2A receptors. Although a functional deficit of 5HT in LH rats has been reported (Hellhammer et al, 1984;Petty et al, 1992), the results pertaining to changes in 5HT 2A receptor number in LH behavior and stress have been inconsistent (Ferretti et al, 1995;Wu et al, 1999). Figure 5 mRNA levels of PLC isozymes in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of groups A (given inescapable shock on day 1 and tested for escape latency on day 2), B (given inescapable shock on day 1 and tested for escape latency on day 4), and C (given inescapable shock on day 1 and tested for escape latency on day 2; rats were again given shock on day 7 and tested for escape latency on day 8, and re-tested on day 14), comprised of TC, NLH, and LH rats.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single and Repeated Stress-Induced Modulation of Phospholipase C Catalytic Activity and Expression: Role in LH Behavior

Dwivedi

Mondal

Rizavi

et al. 2004

Neuropsychopharmacol

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PI-PLC, a critical enzyme of the phosphoinositide (PI) signaling pathway, mediates many physiological functions in the brain, including cellular plasticity. Stress-induced learned helplessness (LH) in animals serves as a model of behavioral depression. Recently, we observed that repeated stress prolongs the duration of LH behavior in rats, enabling us to compare neurobiologic abnormalities in acute and chronic depression. Here we examine whether LH behavior is associated with alterations in phospholipase C (PLC), and whether repetition of inescapable shock has similar or dissimilar effects on PLC to those of the single-stress paradigm. Rats were exposed to inescapable shock either once on day 1, or twice, on days 1 and 7. Rats were tested for escape latency on days 2 and 4 after day 1 inescapable shock or on days 2, 8, and 14 after day 1 and 7 inescapable shock. PI-PLC activity and mRNA and protein expression of three different PLC isozymes were determined in the frontal cortex and hippocampus. Higher escape latencies were observed in LH rats tested on day 2 after single inescapable shock and on day 14 after repeated inescapable shock. Single inescapable shock reduced PI-PLC activity in the frontal cortex and hippocampus of LH rats. On the other hand, repeated inescapable shock not only reduced PI-PLC activity in these brain areas of LH rats but also selectively decreased the expression of PLC b 1 and PLC g 1 isozymes. Our results suggest different responsiveness at the level of PI-PLC after single vs repeated stress, and that reductions in PLC may be critical in the pathophysiology of depression and other stress-related disorders.

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Biochemical and behaviour changes induced by acute stress in a chronic variate stress model of depression: the effect of amitriptyline

Cited by 48 publications

References 33 publications

Dose-Related Effects of Chronic Antidepressants on Neuroprotective Proteins BDNF, Bcl-2 and Cu/Zn-SOD in Rat Hippocampus

Dose-Related Effects of Chronic Antidepressants on Neuroprotective Proteins BDNF, Bcl-2 and Cu/Zn-SOD in Rat Hippocampus

Anti-stress Effects of Ginkgo biloba and Panax ginseng: a Comparative Study

Single and Repeated Stress-Induced Modulation of Phospholipase C Catalytic Activity and Expression: Role in LH Behavior

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