Biochemical alterations in leaves of resistant and susceptible cotton genotypes infected systemically by cotton leaf curl Burewala virus

Abstract

Leaf curl disease caused by Cotton Leaf Curl Burewala virus (CLCuBuV) has been recognized as serious threat to cotton in Indian subcontinent. However, information about cotton-CLCuBuV interaction is still limited. In this study, the level of phenolic compounds, total soluble proteins, and malondialdehyde (MDA) and the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), peroxidase (POX), catalase (CAT), proteases, superoxide dismutase (SOD), and polyphenol oxidase (PPO) were studied in leaves of two susceptible (CIM-496 & NIAB-111) and two resistant (Ravi and Co Tiep Khac) cotton genotypes. Disease symptoms were mild in the resistant genotypes but were severe in highly susceptible genotypes. The results showed that phenolic compounds, proteins, PAL, POX, CAT, proteases, SOD, PPO, and MDA play an active role in disease resistance against CLCuBuV. The amount of total phenols, proteases, MDA, and PPO was significantly higher in leaves of CLCuBuV-inoculated plants of both resistant genotypes as in non-inoculated plants, and decreased in CLCuBuV-inoculated plants of both susceptible genotypes over their healthy plants. POX, protein content, SOD, and PAL activities showed lower values in resistant genotypes, while they decreased significantly in susceptible genotypes as compared to the noninoculated plants except PAL, which showed non-significant decrease. CAT was found to be increased in both susceptible and resistant genotypes with maximum percent increase in resistant genotype Ravi, as compared to non-inoculated plants. The results showed significantly higher concentrations of total phenols and higher activity of protease, MDA, SOD, and PPO in resistant genotype Ravi after infection with CLCuBuV, suggesting that there is a correlation between constitutive induced levels of these enzymes and plant resistance that could be considered as biochemical markers for studying plant-virus compatible and incompatible interactions.

Biochemical Characterization of Compatible Plant Virus Interaction: A Case Study with Bunchy Top Virus-Banana Host-Pathosystem

“…A possible explanation may be that the disease might have caused denaturation or break down of proteins as well as polypeptide chains and bound amino acids. Similar results have also been reported in Mesta infected with yellow vein mosaic disease (Chatterjee and Ghose, 2008) and in cotton with CLCuBuV (Siddique et al, 2014).…”

“…4c). Similar increase in foliar CAT activity was observed in leaves of Arachis hypogaea infected with peanut mottle virus (Kobeasy et al, 2011), cotton leaves inoculated with Cotton leaf curl burewala virus (Siddique et al, 2014) and in Hibiscus cannabinus infected with Yellow vein mosaic virus (Sarkar et al, 2010).…”

“…3b) and the increased quantity of phenols might be attributed to a defence mechanism (Rai et al, 2010). The resistance to disease caused by pathogen was attributed to the presence of high amount of phenol (Jain and Yadav, 2003;Kushwaha and Narain, 2005;Parashar and Lodha, 2007;Meena et al, 2008;Rai et al, 2010;Siddique et al, 2014). Hence, the increased quantity of phenolics in the infected plant of the banana may be contributing to the resistance against the infection of viral pathogen.…”

“…4a). This result is in accordance with the results of Tobacco mosaic virus infected tobacco (Lagrimini and Rothstein,1987), plum pox virus infected peaches, apricots (Diaz-Vivancos et al, 2006), Beans yellow mosaic virus infected beans (Radwan et al, 2010), Potato virus Y infected potato (Milavec et al, 2001), tomato and bell pepper infected with Tobacco mosaic virus and Tomato mosaic tobamo virus (Madhusudhan et al, 2009), Cucumber mosaic virus and Zucchini yellow mosaic virus infected Cucumis sativus and Cucurbita pepo plants ( Riedle-Bauer, 2000), Tobacco mosaic virus infected tobacco plants (Kiraly et al, 2002), Tomato yellow leaf curl virus infected tomato plants (Dieng et al, 2011), Banana bunchy top virus infected cultivars of banana (Devanathan et al, 2005), geminivirus infected Capsicum annum (Meena et al, 2008) and cotton with CLCuBuV (Siddique et al, 2014). Virus infection appears to stimulate POX activity in all hosts in (Wood, 1990).…”

Biochemical changes in the leaves of mungbean (Vigna radiata) plants infected by phytoplasma

“…Activity of POD was measured using the method of Chance and Maehly [9] with some modification. One unit POD activity was defined as an absorbance change of 0.01 unit min − 1 [10].…”