Biochar-supported nZVI (nZVI/BC) for contaminant removal from soil and water: A critical review

Use of Nanoscale Zero-Valent Iron for Remediation of Clayey Soil Contaminated with Hexavalent Chromium: Batch and Column Tests

“…However the addition of vinegar residue, which increased the amount of organic matter in the soil, helped the process of contaminant adsorption-reduction. Similar data were obtained in other studies with the addition of organic compounds, with biochar being the main one used [15,43,44]. Di Palma et al [8] used a 3 for 1 part stoichiometric ratio to remediate chromium (VI) contaminated soil (3Fe 0 + Cr 2 O 7 2− + 7H 2 O → 3Fe 2+ + 2Cr(OH) 3 + 8OH − ), but reduction results between 86% and 91% were only obtained using a ratio 25 times higher than the stoichiometric ratio, demonstrating the need for an excess of reducing agent to have the contact between the contaminant and nZVI.…”

“…However the addition of vinegar residue, which increased the amount of organic matter in the soil, helped the process of contaminant adsorption-reduction. Similar data were obtained in other studies with the addition of organic compounds, with biochar being the main one used [15,43,44]. However, the synthesis of a good support material can be costly due to the additional energy consumption, which will increase the cost of pollutant remediation.…”

Quantifying the efficiency and selectivity of organohalide dechlorination by zerovalent iron

“…Effect of forming composites with carbonaceous materials. Many carbonaceous materials have been used as supports for nZVI to form Fe-carbon composites, [71][72][73] including activated carbon (AC), hydrochar, carbon aerogel, mesoporous carbon, graphene, and biochar. The nZVI particles are dispersed within the carbon pore matrix to prevent aggregation and to enhance mobility in the subsurface when the size of the carbon particle falls into the colloidal range (e.g., 1-2 mm Carbo-Iron® 74 ).…”

Critical Review on Biochar‐Supported Catalysts for Pollutant Degradation and Sustainable Biorefinery

“…[9] In addition to application of BCs as catalysts, they are also applied as catalyst supports. [48] To improve the catalytic properties of metals and/or metal oxides, these materials can be preloaded onto biomass matrix before pyrolysis [49] or in other way the pyrolyzed BCs are impregnated with the metal precursors. [15,50]…”