Biochar Production From Biomass Waste-Derived Material

Daful, Asfaw Gezae; Chandraratne, Meegalla R.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.11249-4

Cited by 47 publications

(70 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Biochar yield depends greatly on thermochemical technology. Slow pyrolysis was most effective; a longer residence time and moderate temperature (350-550 • C) in the absence of O 2 resulted in higher biochar yield (+30%) than the fast pyrolysis (12%) or gasification (10%) [24]. The process of the Controlled Temperature Biochar Retort for Slow Pyrolysis Process can produce high Biochar yields of around 58-60% from raw materials when compared to other similar ovens.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Pyrolysis temperature in the biochar retort can be controlled in the range of 500-600 • C. Slow for pyrolysis at a moderate temperature (350-550 • C) in the absence of O 2 and a longer residence time resulted in approximately 30% higher biochar yields than fast pyrolysis or gasification [24]. Higher yields of biochar are obtained, (up to 58-60 wt% of feedstock) as compared with similar oven designs.…”

Section: Biochar Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Elemental Composition of Biochar Obtained from Agricultural Waste for Soil Amendment and Carbon Sequestration

Wijitkosum

Jiwnok

2019

Applied Sciences

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For an agricultural country such as Thailand, converting agricultural waste into biochar offers a potential solution to manage massive quantities of crop residues following harvest. This research studied the structure and chemical composition of biochar obtained from cassava rhizomes, cassava stems and corncobs, produced using a patented locally-manufactured biochar kiln using low-cost appropriate technology designed to be fabricated locally by farmers. The research found that cassava stems yielded the highest number of Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area in the biochar product, while chemical analysis indicated that corncobs yielded the highest amount of C (81.35%). The amount of H in the corncob biochar was also the highest (2.42%). The study also showed biochar produced by slow pyrolysis was of a high quality, with stable C and low H/C ratio. Biochar’s high BET surface area and total pore volume makes it suitable for soil amendment, contributing to reduced soil density, higher soil moisture and aeration and reduced leaching of plant nutrients from the rhizosphere. Biochar also provides a conducive habitat for beneficial soil microorganisms. The findings indicate that soil incorporation of biochar produced from agricultural crop residues can enhance food security and mitigate the contribution of the agricultural sector to climate change impacts.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Section: Biochar Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Elemental Composition of Biochar Obtained from Agricultural Waste for Soil Amendment and Carbon Sequestration

Wijitkosum

Jiwnok

2019

Applied Sciences

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“…The biochar production yield has an important impact on its industrial applicability. It highly varies from the pyrolysis temperature used (Daful and R Chandraratne, 2018). The low sewage-sludge biochar production yields here obtained could be caused by the high pyrolysis temperatures that may release higher amounts of volatile matter (Titiladunayo et al, 2012).…”

Section: Quantification Of Args and Mge By Quantitative Polymerase Chmentioning

confidence: 94%

Antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements removal from treated wastewater by sewage-sludge biochar and iron-oxide coated sand

Calderón-Franco

Apoorva

Medema

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Disinfection of treated wastewater in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) is used to minimize emission of coliforms, pathogens, and antibiotic resistant bacteria (ARB) in the environment. However, the fate of free-floating extracellular DNA (eDNA) that do carry antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) is overlooked. Water technologies are central to urban and industrial ecology for sanitation and resource recovery. Biochar produced by pyrolysis of sewage sludge and iron-oxide-coated sands recovered as by-product of drinking water treatment were tested as adsorbents to remove ARGs and MGEs from WWTP effluent. DNA adsorption properties and materials applicability were studied in batch and up-flow column systems at bench scale. Breakthrough curves were measured with ultrapure water and treated wastewater at initial DNA concentrations of 0.1-0.5 mg mL-1 and flow rates of 0.1-0.5 mL min-1. Batch tests with treated wastewater indicated that the adsorption profiles of biochar and iron-oxide coated sand followed a Freundlich isotherm, suggesting a multilayer adsorption of nucleic acids. Sewage-sludge biochar exhibited higher DNA adsorption capacity (1 mg g-1) and longer saturation breakthrough times (4 to 10 times) than iron-oxide coated sand (0.2 mg g-1). The removal of a set of representative ARGs and MGEs was measured by qPCR comparing the inlet and outlet of the plug-flow column fed with treated wastewater. ARGs and MGEs present as free-floating eDNA were adsorbed by sewage-sludge biochar at 85% and iron-oxide coated sand at 54%. From the environmental DNA consisting of the free-floating extracellular DNA plus the intracellular DNA of the cells present in the effluent water, 97% (sewage-sludge biochar) and 66% (iron-oxide coated sand) of the tested genes present were removed. Sewage-sludge biochar displayed interesting properties to minimize the spread of antimicrobial resistances to the aquatic environment while strengthening the role of WWTPs as resource recovery factories.Graphical abstractHighlightsSewage-sludge biochar and iron oxide coated sands were tested to adsorb DNA and cells.Biochar removed 97% of genes tested from environmental DNA of unfiltered effluent.85% of ARGs and MGEs of free-floating extracellular DNA were retained by biochar.Biochar is a WWTP by-product that can be re-used for public health sanitation.

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“…Furthermore, slow pyrolysis for the biochar production is promising due to lower capital investment as compared to fast pyrolysis scheme ($132 vs. $200 million) [43]. Basically, Daful et al [44] reported that biochar from slow pyrolysis route refers to primary and secondary char, where the mechanism of the process is simplified in Eqs. (1)-(3) [45].…”

Section: Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Torrefaction or known as a mild pyrolysis refers to the thermochemical process at temperature of 200-300°C at atmospheric pressure and inert atmosphere, heating rate of ≤50°C/min, with residence time of 30 min to 2 h [44,49]. Bold value refers to the highest product yield of slow pyrolysis, fast pyrolysis and flash pyrolysis.…”

Section: Torrefactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Mini Review of Biochar Synthesis, Characterization, and Related Standardization and Legislation

Rashidi¹,

Yusup²

2020

Applications of Biochar for Environmental Safety

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The abundance of biomass in Malaysia creates an avenue for growth of bio-economic sector through the research and development (R&D) activities on the biochar production. Biochar that is described as a carbonaceous material derived from the thermochemical process at temperature of usually lower than 700°C is promising due to its applicability in wider range of applications, such as in soil amendment (fertilizer) and as a low-cost adsorbent for the pollution remediation, apart from minimizing the solid waste disposal problems. Therefore, this chapter discusses the current trends on various production techniques of biochar from both the lignocellulosic (plantation based waste materials) and non-lignocellulosic sources, as well as the physiochemical characteristics of the resulting biochar. In addition, overview of the biochar industry in Malaysia is presented in this chapter. Lastly, recap of standardization and legislation particularly related to the biochar utilization as a soil amendment agent is included to grasp readers' attention prior to the large scale applications.

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Biochar Production From Biomass Waste-Derived Material

Cited by 47 publications

References 23 publications

Elemental Composition of Biochar Obtained from Agricultural Waste for Soil Amendment and Carbon Sequestration

Elemental Composition of Biochar Obtained from Agricultural Waste for Soil Amendment and Carbon Sequestration

Antibiotic resistance genes and mobile genetic elements removal from treated wastewater by sewage-sludge biochar and iron-oxide coated sand

A Mini Review of Biochar Synthesis, Characterization, and Related Standardization and Legislation

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