Biochar potential evaluation of palm oil wastes through slow pyrolysis: Thermochemical characterization and pyrolytic kinetic studies

Lee, Xin Jiat; Lee, Lai Yee; Gan, Suyin; Thangalazhy‐Gopakumar, Suchithra; Ng, Hoon Kiat

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.03.105

Cited by 172 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis) has its largest planted area and productivity in Indonesia, and it is used worldwide for human consumption (food and other products), industrial production (biodiesel) and as an organic fertilizer (bark, bunches and residues from the processing process) due to its mineral-rich structure (Luangkiattikhun et al 2008;Rivera-Mendez et al 2017;Santika et al 2019). The solid wastes from the oil production, such as curls, fibers, barks and palm kernel, can reach up to 22% of the fresh weight of the product (Lee et al 2017). Palm kernel is a specific by-product of palm kernel oil production, constituting 3.5% by weight of the fruit (Júnior 2006).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Biochar produced from Amazonian agro-industrial wastes: properties and adsorbent potential of Cd2+ and Cu2+

Dias

Souza

Costa

et al. 2019

Biochar

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In the Amazon region, several residues that have been misused can serve as feedstocks for biochar production with the aim of recovering soils contaminated by heavy metals. However, these biochars need to be firstly tested for their adsorption capacity as well as their physicochemical attributes prior to field application. Therefore, this study aimed to characterize and evaluate the adsorption capacities of Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ of biochars produced from acai (BA), Brazil nut (BN), and palm kernel cake (BK) residues. Biochars were produced by slow pyrolysis at four different temperatures (400, 500, 600, and 700 °C). The physicochemical properties of the biochars, such as cation exchange capacity, ash, recalcitrance index, and aromaticity were enhanced with increased pyrolysis temperature. The adsorption capacities of Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ showed high correlations with the physicochemical properties of biochar, indicating the importance of these characteristics in the adsorption process. Furthermore, the adsorption of Cd 2+ and Cu 2+ also increased with the increase in the pyrolysis temperature. In a competitive system, Cd 2+ exhibited higher adsorption capacity than Cu 2+ for all biochars. In general, BN showed the highest adsorption capacity, followed by BK and BA. Biochars produced from the Amazonian residues have the potential to improve soil quality when used as amendments in the recovery of soils contaminated with Cd and Cu, representing an environmentally sound technology for the reuse of these residues.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Palm kernel is a specific by-product of palm kernel oil production, constituting 3.5% by weight of the fruit (Júnior 2006). This material is basically composed of cellulose (45%) and lignin (33%) (Lee et al 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar produced from Amazonian agro-industrial wastes: properties and adsorbent potential of Cd2+ and Cu2+

Dias

Souza

Costa

et al. 2019

Biochar

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“…Pseudo first-order (PFO) and pseudo second-order (PSO) kinetic models were plotted to investigate the adsorption rate and the mechanism of MB adsorption by the hydrochar. Equations (6) and (7) used are as follows [17]:…”

Section: Kinetic Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They can be used as unmodified biomass-based adsorbents, which, because of their active surface functional groups,are effective for the selective sorption of heavy metals [4]. They can also be used to produce modified biomass products such as biochar with or without activation [5][6], which can be used for dye removal [7][8].…”

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confidence: 99%

Investigation of Hydrochar Derived from Male Oil Palm Flower: Characteristics and Application for Dye Removal

Said¹,

Tekasakul²,

Phoungthong³

2019

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Southeast Asia is the region most heavily planted with oil palm tree in the world. As the third-ranking country producing palm oil, a large quantity of oil palm tree waste is generated in Thailand. Thailand's palm oil production achieves roughly 11-13 million tons or a matter of 1.2% of world production [1]. These biomass wastes may come from plantations (oil palm trunks and fronds) or palm oil mills (empty fruit bunches, mesocarp fiber, and palm kernel shells) [2]. Wastes such as trunks of the plant, fronds, and both male and female flower are direct agricultural wastes along pruning and harvesting seasons. Among the parts of the oil palm tree, male flowers are not currently used productively once they have matured. In the life-cycle of the palm tree, the male flower, which grows separately in a spike, fertilizes the female flowers. The oil palm is a monoecious plant with

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“…This will involve ensuring that EFB from processing FFB are of high quality and that CPO, PK, MF and PKS are maximally recovered through the fruits during FFB processing. There are increasing research on energy use of EFB, MF, and PKS for energy purposes (Aziz et al 2017;Kabir et al 2017;Lee et al 2017;Shahbaz et al 2017), however, there is limited report on how the processing of FFB affects the quality of EFB as fuel, and the study of the three processing routes in terms of CPO, PK, MF and PKS yield.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating oil palm fresh fruit bunch processing in Nigeria

et al. 2018

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Three routes of oil palm fresh fruit bunch (FFB) processing in Nigeria namely, industrial, small-scale and traditional were compared by means of determining fruit losses associated with each route. The fruits that are not recovered after each process were hand-picked and quantified in terms of crude palm oil (CPO), palm kernel (PK), mesocarp fibre (MF) and palm kernel shell (PKS). The energy value of empty fruit bunch (EFB), MF and PKS were used to determine the value of energy lost for each route. Additionally, the environmental implications of disposal of EFB were estimated, and socio-economics of the industrial and small-scale routes were related. The analysis showed that 29, 18, 75 and 27 kg of CPO, PK, MF and PKS were lost for every 1000 kg of FFB processed with the industrial route, whereas 5.6, 3.2, 1.4 and 5.1 g were lost with the small-scale route, respectively. Approximately 89 kWh and 31 kWh more energy were lost from MF and PKS with the industrial route than the other two routes, respectively. An equivalent of 6670 tonnes carbon dioxide equivalent of methane and nitrogen oxide was released due to the disposal of 29,000 tonnes of EFB from one palm oil mill. The monetary value of lost CPO per 1000 kg of FFB processed in the industrial route is more than the labour cost of processing 1000 kg of FFB in the small-scale route. The advantages of the industrial route are high throughput in terms of FFB processed per hour and high quality of CPO; however, high fruit loss is associated with it and therefore, the poorly threshed EFB is recommended to be fed into the small-scale route.

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Biochar potential evaluation of palm oil wastes through slow pyrolysis: Thermochemical characterization and pyrolytic kinetic studies

Cited by 172 publications

References 41 publications

Biochar produced from Amazonian agro-industrial wastes: properties and adsorbent potential of Cd2+ and Cu2+

Biochar produced from Amazonian agro-industrial wastes: properties and adsorbent potential of Cd2+ and Cu2+

Investigation of Hydrochar Derived from Male Oil Palm Flower: Characteristics and Application for Dye Removal

Evaluating oil palm fresh fruit bunch processing in Nigeria

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