Biochar increases availability and uptake of phosphorus to wheat under leaching conditions

Madiba, Obed F.; Solaiman, Zakaria M.; Carson, Jennifer K.; Murphy, Daniel V.

doi:10.1007/s00374-016-1099-3

Cited by 75 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Sandy loam projections are supported in part by earlier gravitational moisture results, in which 15% ( Novak et al, ) and 23% ( Basso et al, ) boosts in retention were reported following biochar amendment. These results were confirmed for all soil types measured previously by drying oven ( Burrell et al, ) and lysimeter neutron probe ( Madiba et al, ). Stringent tests of limits of evaporative water loss ( Xiao et al, ) on all three soil types would help deepen the understanding we report here.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

“…This can be a challenge, given high silt and sand fractions at moisture uptake (Barnes et al, 2014) and anomalies arising from biochar particle hollowness (Downie et al, 2009) likened to a hollowed out sand particle, hydrophobicity (Sohi et al, 2010;Jeffrey et al, 2015) and compacted pore space (Abel et al, 2013). Nevertheless, despite these hurdles, scientists attempt to study biochar impact on soil moisture using heat chamber (Burrell et al, 2016), lysimetry (Madiba et al, 2016), tensile, strength and friction (Zong et al, 2014), gravimetric water content via container or column (Steinbeiss et al, 2009;Basso, 2012), and pressure chamber (Zong et al, 2016) procedures. The problem for farmers and other agricultural professionals is clear: many simply cannot afford to pay for these tests, lack instruments and training to do their own testing, and do not have the time to pursue this.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of lignocellulosic and hemicellulosic biochar on soil moisture in low clay soils

Licht

Smith

Mitchell

et al. 2017

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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Investigation of post‐amendment biochar impact on low clay soil moisture provides agriculture professionals with much needed data. While laboratory testing is available, we propose inexpensive containers, tools and measuring devices to enable agriculture professionals to directly assess biochar impact on gravimetric water content, shrinkage, and release at point of soil rupture. Sandy loam, silty loam and loamy sand soils are amended (10% ) with lignocellulosic (oak) and hemicellulosic (cardboard) biochars in cup, plug and roll experiments. Cups with oak and cardboard biochar addition produced 76.32% and 75.72% H2O retention respectively, compared to 67.75% (67.75 g H2O 100 g−1 H2O) for controls. Cardboard and oak biochar limited diametric shrinkage to 2.95% (1.29 mm) and 3.75% (1.65 mm) respectively; controls shrunk 6.96% (3.06 mm). Oak and cardboard biochar limited depth shrinkage to 2.95% (0.38 mm) and 2.99% (0.38 mm) respectively; control depth shrinkage is 3.64% (0.47 mm). In roll tests, cardboard and oak biochar treatment yielded 28.07% (1.37 g H2O), and 26.69% (1.3 g H2O) moisture at rupture, respectively, compared with 11.98% (0.58 g) for controls. Significant (p ≤ 0.001) differences in moisture retention, shrinkage and available moisture at rupture confirm biochar contributions to improved moisture performance. Physico‐chemical analyses complemented experimental findings. We find study methods suit the needs of agricultural professionals to measure moisture while working with biochar to amend soils.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of lignocellulosic and hemicellulosic biochar on soil moisture in low clay soils

Licht

Smith

Mitchell

et al. 2017

J. Plant Nutr. Soil Sci.

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“…An increase in soil pH following biochar application [46] can have the indirect effect of higher P availability. This, in combination with the direct effect of a small amount of P from the biochar itself, results in improved P uptake and increased growth [47]. There are certainly interactions between the physical and the biological effects, but it was not possible to draw a conclusion here.…”

Section: Biochar Improves P-salt Fertilization Effectsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Can Phosphate Salts Recovered from Manure Replace Conventional Phosphate Fertilizer?

et al. 2017

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Pig farming produces more manure than can reasonably be spread onto surrounding fields, particularly in regions with high livestock densities and limited land availability. Nutrient recycling offers an attractive solution for dealing with manure excesses and is one main objective of the European commission-funded project "BioEcoSIM". Phosphate salts ("P-Salt") were recovered from the separated liquid manure fraction. The solid fraction was dried and carbonized to biochar. This study compared the fertilizing performance of P-Salt and conventional phosphate fertilizer and determined whether additional biochar application further increased biomass yields.The fertilizers and biochar were tested in pot experiments with spring barley and faba beans using two nutrient-poor soils. The crops were fertilized with P-Salt at three levels and biochar in two concentrations. Biomass yield was determined after six weeks. Plant and soil samples were analysed for nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents. The P-Salt had similar or even better effects than mineral fertilizer on growth in both crops and soils. Slow release of nutrients can prevent leaching, rendering P-Salt a particularly suitable fertilizer for light sandy soils. Biochar can enhance its fertilizing effect, but the underlying mechanisms need further investigation. These novel products are concluded to be promising candidates for efficient fertilization strategies.

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“…In particular, biochar supply boosts nutrient cycles. The nutrients concerned are carbon (Gaunt & Lehmann, 2008;Hagemann et al, 2017;Jeffery et al, 2015;Lehmann et al, 2006;Lehmann & Joseph, 2015), nitrogen (Clough & Condron, 2010;Rondon, Lehmann, Ramírez, & Hurtado, 2007;Saarnio, Heimonen, & Kettunen, 2013;Tan, Ye, Zhang, & Huang, 2018), phosphorus (Chan & Xu, 2009;Dai et al, 2016;Madiba, Solaiman, Carson, & Murphy, 2016;Van Zwieten et al, 2010;Vanek & Lehmann, 2015), as well as K, Ca, Na, and Mg (Hardy et al, 2016;Kloss et al, 2014;Laird et al, 2010;Li, Song, et al, 2019;Macdonald, Farrell, Zwieten, & Krull, 2014;Sohi et al, 2010;Van Zwieten et al, 2010). F I G U R E 7 Plot of CaCl 2 -Si content against pH-CaCl 2 in soil, soil:biochar, and soil:wollastonite-solution systems.…”

Section: Biochar Increases Plant Biomass and Crop Yieldmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phytolith‐rich biochar: A potential Si fertilizer in desilicated soils

Delvaux

2019

GCB Bioenergy

100

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Silicon (Si) is beneficial to plants since it increases photosynthetic efficiency, and alleviates biotic and abiotic stresses. In the most highly weathered and desilicated soils, plant phytoliths make up the reservoir of bioavailable Si. The regular removal of crop residues, however, substantially decreases this pool. Si supply may therefore be required to sustain continuous cropping. Available Si fertilizers are costly and usually poor in soluble Si. Biochar produced from the pyrolysis of phytolith‐rich biomass is thus a promising alternative Si source for plants. Taking into account the challenges of increasing food demand and environmental concerns, we evaluate the global potential of biochar produced from major crop residues and manures in terms of phytogenic Si (PhSi) supply. Crop residues contribute to 80% of the global production of biomass dry matter (8,201 Tg/year) of which 3,137 Tg/year are potentially available after pyrolysis, giving a potential application rate of 1.7 T ha−1 year−1 for highly weathered soils in the tropics. The potential PhSi supply from crop biochar amounts to 102 Tg Si/year. On its own, rice straws produce 57.7 Tg PhSi/year, accounting for 56.6% of the potential annual PhSi production. The Si release from crop biochar depends on inter altere feedstock type, pyrolysis temperature, soil pH, and buffer capacity. Furthermore, the amplitude of plant Si uptake and mineralomass depends on plant species, soil properties, and processes. These factors interact and can exert a decisive influence on the effectiveness of phytolithic biochar in releasing Si into highly weathered soils. We conclude that the use of phytolithic biochar as a Si fertilizer offers undeniable potential to mitigate desilication and to enhance Si ecological services due to soil weathering and biomass removal. This potential must be explored, as well as the conditions for using biochar in the field.

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Biochar increases availability and uptake of phosphorus to wheat under leaching conditions

Cited by 75 publications

References 34 publications

Impact of lignocellulosic and hemicellulosic biochar on soil moisture in low clay soils

Impact of lignocellulosic and hemicellulosic biochar on soil moisture in low clay soils

Can Phosphate Salts Recovered from Manure Replace Conventional Phosphate Fertilizer?

Phytolith‐rich biochar: A potential Si fertilizer in desilicated soils

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