Biochar from pyrolyzed Tibetan Yak dung as a novel additive in ensiling sweet sorghum: An alternate to the hazardous use of Yak dung as a fuel in the home

Bai, Yanfu; Rafiq, Muhammad; Li, Shanshan; Degen, A. Allan; Mašek, Ondřej; Sun, Hongwen; Han, Huawen; Wang, Ting; Joseph, Stephen; Bachmann, Robert Thomas; Sani, Rajesh K.; Long, Ruijun; Shang, Zhanhuan

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123647

Cited by 11 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…They are raised between 3000 and 5000 m above sea level and are well adapted to the harsh conditions of the QTP. Yaks provide meat [ 2 ] and milk [ 3 , 4 ] for food, dung for fuel, and wool for clothes [ 5 ], and they serve as a cultural symbol for Tibetans [ 6 ]. They are also important in maintaining stability of the alpine ecosystem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen Bacterial Community of Grazing Lactating Yaks (Poephagus grunniens) Supplemented with Concentrate Feed and/or Rumen-Protected Lysine and Methionine

Liu

Jiang

Hao

et al. 2021

Animals

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Traditionally, yaks graze only natural pasture all year round without supplements. Forage intake of lactating yaks is below energy and protein requirements, even in the summer, and suckling yaks lose a substantial amount of significant body weight. Today, to mitigate the loss in body weight, supplementary feed is being offered to lactating yaks. However, the effects of supplementary feed on ruminal bacterial communities in lactating yaks is unknown. In the current study, we examined the effect of supplementary feed on ruminal microbiota, using 16S rRNA sequencing, and on volatile fatty acids (VFAs). Twenty-four lactating yaks of similar body weight (218 ± 19.5 kg) and grazing natural pasture were divided randomly into four groups and received different supplements: (1) rumen-protected amino acids (RPA); (2) concentrate feed (C); (3) RPA plus C (RPA+C); and (4) no supplements (control-CON). The concentrations of total VFAs, acetate, and butyrate were greater (p < 0.05) when supplemented with concentrate feed (C and RPA+C) than without concentrate feed (CON and RPA). Bacteroidetes (B) and Firmicutes (F) were the dominant ruminal bacterial phyla in all groups. The ratio of relative abundance of F:B in RPA+C was greater than in the RPA group, while there was no difference between CON and RPC (interaction, p = 0.026). At the genus level, the relative abundances of Absconditabacteriales_SR1, Bacteroidales-RF16-group, Bacteroidales_BS11_gut_group, Prevotellaceae, and Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group were lesser (p < 0.05) with supplementary concentrate feed (C and RPA+C) than without concentrate feed (CON and RPA), whereas Butyrivibrio_2 and Pseudobutyrivibrio were greater (p < 0.05) with supplementary rumen-protected amino acids (RPA and RPA+C) than without rumen-protected amino acids (CON and C). These results demonstrate that supplementary feed: (1) alters the composition of rumen microbiota and concentrations of ruminal VFAs in lactating yaks; and (2) can be used to manipulate the composition of rumen microbiota.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen Bacterial Community of Grazing Lactating Yaks (Poephagus grunniens) Supplemented with Concentrate Feed and/or Rumen-Protected Lysine and Methionine

Liu

Jiang

Hao

et al. 2021

Animals

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“…In all, it should be pointed out that in terms of substrate by substrate, the BMP before and after ensiling was not significantly different (P < 0.05), consistent with the results of other authors. 16,47 However, increased TS and ES additive significantly improved the BMP of WH.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 95%

“…Compared to the silages without ES additive, the increase in BMP of co-ensiled silages at TS of 20%, 30% and 40% was 22.05%, 27.94% and 39.70% respectively. Vervaeren et al 46 reported a 22.5% increase in the BMP of maize silage using biological additives while other authors like Gallegos et al 16 and Bai et al 47 have reported that biological additives like lactic acid bacteria had no significant effect on BMP of Elodea and sweet sorghum silages respectively. In the present study, the combined effect of TS (40%) and additive increased the BMP of WH by 63.78%.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Ensiling water hyacinth for enhanced biomethane production: effect of co‐ensiling with maize straw and eggshell powder as additive

Undiandeye

Kiman

Kefas

et al. 2022

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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BACKGROUND The invasion of water hyacinth (WH) on water bodies comes with adverse consequences for humans and the environment. Using WH as a substrate for affordable and clean energy production is one way of controlling the invasiveness of the aquatic plant. In this study, ensiling was carried out with and without the addition of maize straw (MS) and eggshell powder (ES) to determine the effect of higher total solids (TS) and butyric acid contents on the biomethane potential (BMP) of WH. The silages were stored at ambient temperature for 210 days. The kinetics of biomethane production was determined using three different kinetic models. RESULTS Ensiled WH without MS and ES had a reduced BMP after 210 days. However, a combination of higher TS (40%) and butyric acid contents, resulting from the addition of MS and ES, significantly increased the BMP of WH by 64% after 210 days of ensiling. The kinetic study showed that the dual‐pool kinetic model described the BMP of ensiled and co‐ensiled WH better than the first‐order and modified Gompertz models. CONCLUSIONS Increasing TS and butyric acid contents by co‐ensiling with MS and ES is a low‐cost and sustainable method of enhancing biomethane production from WH. In this way, the invasive nature of WH can be effectively controlled (since a large quantity can be harvested and stored) and circular economy can be enhanced through the effective utilization of waste. © 2022 The Authors. Journal of Chemical Technology and Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry (SCI).

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“…Sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor Moench) is an important annual forage crop widely distributed all over the world (Bai et al, 2021;Ran et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021). As a C 4 plant, its high yield, sugar-rich stalks and high resistance to adverse environments make it the best choice for forage production in arid and semi-arid areas where water shortage limits silage corn production (Huang et al, 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epicuticular wax of sweet sorghum influenced the microbial community and fermentation quality of silage

et al. 2022

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Epicuticular wax, as secondary metabolites (hydrophobic compounds) covering plant surface, plays important roles in protecting plants from abiotic and biotic stresses. However, whether these compounds will influence fermentation process of silage is still not clear. In this study, two sweet sorghum cultivars with varying epicuticular wax on sheath (bloom), Yajin 2 (YJ, less bloom), and Jintian (JT, dense bloom), were harvested at flowering and maturing stages, and ensiled with or without bloom, aiming to evaluate the effects of bloom on fermentation quality, feed nutrition and microbial community. The bloom was collected manually with de-waxed cotton and extracted with chloroform. The results showed that the bloom reduced the concentrations of water-soluble carbohydrate and crude protein of the two cultivars at both stages, reduced lactic acid (LA) for YJ at both stages and for JT at flowering stage, and increased LA for JT at mature stage. The α-diversity of bacterial communities of the silage fermentation with bloom was significantly lower than that without bloom. Bloom increased the abundance of Lactobacillus, reduced that of Bacillus and Weissella, and significant correlations were observed between fermentative qualities and bacterial abundances. However, decreased diversity of bacterial community and the contents of LA implied that shifts in bacterial community might exert negative effects on silage fermentation. Our results suggest that bloom wax could alter the microbial community composition of ensiled sweet sorghums, which thus influence the fermentation qualities.

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Biochar from pyrolyzed Tibetan Yak dung as a novel additive in ensiling sweet sorghum: An alternate to the hazardous use of Yak dung as a fuel in the home

Cited by 11 publications

References 61 publications

Rumen Bacterial Community of Grazing Lactating Yaks (Poephagus grunniens) Supplemented with Concentrate Feed and/or Rumen-Protected Lysine and Methionine

Rumen Bacterial Community of Grazing Lactating Yaks (Poephagus grunniens) Supplemented with Concentrate Feed and/or Rumen-Protected Lysine and Methionine

Ensiling water hyacinth for enhanced biomethane production: effect of co‐ensiling with maize straw and eggshell powder as additive

Epicuticular wax of sweet sorghum influenced the microbial community and fermentation quality of silage

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