Biochar from oil palm biomass: A review of its potential and challenges

Kong, Shuying; Loh, Soh Kheang; Bachmann, Robert Thomas; Rahim, Samsudin A.; Salimon, Jumat

doi:10.1016/j.rser.2014.07.107

Cited by 220 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 77 publications

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“…Biochar is attracting attention globally due to its unique potential for improved soil nutrient retention capacity, water holding capacity, increased crop yield and reduced greenhouse gas emissions (Kong et al, 2014). Zero-emission concept in the palm oil mill by using biochar for effluent treatment is attractive since biochar itself is non-chemical and the biomass is easily available within the palm oil industry (Othman et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Improved yield and higher heating value of biochar from oil palm biomass at low retention time under self-sustained carbonization

Idris

Shirai

Anduo

et al. 2015

Journal of Cleaner Production

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a b s t r a c tOil palm biochar with high yield and higher heating value under low energy requirement is required for improved waste management and utilization in the palm oil industry. This paper presents, a selfsustained carbonization of oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass, without internal heating element, which produced high biochar yield and higher heating value. Three different particle sizes of pressedshredded oil palm empty fruit bunch biomass, i.e. below 29 mm, 30e99 mm and 100e150 mm, at 8 e10% moisture content were used. The carbonization temperature was monitored and used as an indicator to stop the carbonization prior to harvesting. The maximum carbonization temperature recorded was 600 C. In our previous report, harvested at 300 C under uncontrolled exhausted air flow rate and found that the higher heating values obtained were 23.0e25.0 MJ/kg. However the biochar yield was only 14e16 %. In order to increase the yield of biochar, the exhaust air flow rate has been fixed at 36 m 3 / hr by using an air suction blower to ensure uniform circulation and distribution of hot air from top to bottom before being discharged. The biochar was harvested when the temperature of the bed decreased to 500 C. The particle size range from 100 to 150 mm produced the highest biochar yield of 26.0 ± 1.2% with higher heating value of 23.0e23.5 MJ/kg within 5e8 h retention time. The gaseous emissions were lower than permitted level set by the environmental authorities. The technology developed in this study should be used to improve the management and utilization of oil palm biomass towards a more sustainable palm oil industry.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the use of biochar for heat and power generation has become more important due to the rapid depletion of fossil fuel. Production of biochar from oil palm biomass is gaining attention for improved waste management and utilization into value-added product (Kong et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Improved yield and higher heating value of biochar from oil palm biomass at low retention time under self-sustained carbonization

Idris

Shirai

Anduo

et al. 2015

Journal of Cleaner Production

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show abstract

“…In a yearly basis, OPF and OPT can mountain up to 4 and 18 million tonnes (dry weight) respectively. These figures are based on estimation of 5% oil palm plantation that due for replantation [49]. In 2012, an estimated 83 million tonnes (dry weight) of oil palm biomass wastes were available throughout the country [35].…”

Section: Availability Of the Oil Palm Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

An overview of the oil palm industry in Malaysia and its waste utilization through thermochemical conversion, specifically via liquefaction

Awalludin

Sulaiman

Hashim

et al. 2015

Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews

327

154

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“…The activities in oil palm industry yield tremendous traces of unused waste (biomass), including frond, trunk, mesocarp fibre, palm kernel shell and empty fruit bunch (EFB). In a study by Kong et al (2014), it is stated that the generation of oil palm trunk and oil palm frond combined is 3 tonnes/ha of planted areas. Another study that shows tremendous oil palm biomass generation is done by Yusoff (2006), who reported that in each of a fresh fruit bunch (FFB) the percentage of EFB is 22%; kernel shell is 5.5%; and mesocarp fibre is 13.5%.…”

Section: Oil Palm Biomassmentioning

confidence: 99%

Second generation bioethanol potential from selected Malaysia’s biodiversity biomasses: A review

et al. 2016

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Biochar from oil palm biomass: A review of its potential and challenges

Cited by 220 publications

References 77 publications

Improved yield and higher heating value of biochar from oil palm biomass at low retention time under self-sustained carbonization

Improved yield and higher heating value of biochar from oil palm biomass at low retention time under self-sustained carbonization

An overview of the oil palm industry in Malaysia and its waste utilization through thermochemical conversion, specifically via liquefaction

Second generation bioethanol potential from selected Malaysia’s biodiversity biomasses: A review

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