Biochar from coconut residues: An overview of production, properties, and applications

Coconut Waste: Discovering Sustainable Approaches to Advance a Circular Economy

“…Furthermore, investment in the research and development of innovative technologies for processing coconut residues can improve productivity and product quality and establish supplier-customer partnerships with industries, small companies, and potential sectors that can use coconut byproducts. This collaboration creates synergies and business opportunities, which can guarantee the viability of a circular economy and boost local economic development based on the "from waste to profit" approach [17,140].…”

“…Since the mesocarp and endocarp represent about 35% and 15% of the total fruit weight [13], respectively, the processing of coconut water and meat leads to the annual generation of 1,400,980 tons of shell [14,15], which has a slow degradation rate and when mismanaged, whether by direct disposal or open burning, causes environmental pollution, which has implications for human health [16]. Therefore, a circular economy approach, involving recycling coconut residues to create valuable products, can help mitigate these negative impacts by avoiding the burning and improper disposal of these wastes [17]. By adopting this approach, coconut residues can be transformed into value-added products such as handicrafts, organic fertilizers [18], bioethanol [19], cementitious materials [20], bioadsorbents for water pollutants [21], and alternative solid fuels [22].…”