Biochar for Water and Soil Remediation: Production, Characterization, and Application

Zhang, Chenchen; Liu, Bingjie; Liu, Guocheng; Zhao, Man; Xu, Guozhong; Luo, Xianxiang; Li, Fengmin; Xing, Baoshan

doi:10.1007/978-981-13-9447-8_11

Cited by 21 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 328 publications

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“…When incorporated into soil, BC adds an important carbon pool that improves the physical, chemical and biological properties of soil, especially in the cases of degraded soil, sandy soils and soils having a very low content of water and nutrients. In addition to improving soil fertility, BC can prevent the movement and leaching of contaminants in soil due to its remarkable retention capacity [ 10 ]. Other interesting and innovative applications of BC concern the remediation of soil and water contaminated by inorganic pollutants such as heavy metals and organic pollutants such as polyaromatic hydrocarbons, agrochemicals, dyes and pharmaceuticals [ 36 , 37 ].…”

Section: Biosorbents From Biowaste Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…All these characteristics are indicative of an intense thermal alteration of the raw biomass and suggest a better use of the material for environmental purposes [ 7 ]. In any case, in order to select and optimize the applications of these materials, all these properties must be carefully determined [ 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Characterization data are also essential to evaluate the chemical structure of the material and the possible mechanisms of interaction with pollutants.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some aspects of individual BC and HC have been recently reviewed [ 10 , 11 ]. In general, these studies considered a broad context of pollutants, including dyes, pharmaceuticals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons PAHs, heavy metals, antibiotics and single EDCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances on Innovative Materials from Biowaste Recycling for the Removal of Environmental Estrogens from Water and Soil

Loffredo

2022

Materials

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New technologies have been developed around the world to tackle current emergencies such as biowaste recycling, renewable energy production and reduction of environmental pollution. The thermochemical and biological conversions of waste biomass for bioenergy production release solid coproducts and byproducts, namely biochar (BC), hydrochar (HC) and digestate (DG), which can have important environmental and agricultural applications. Due to their physicochemical properties, these carbon-rich materials can behave as biosorbents of contaminants and be used for both wastewater treatment and soil remediation, representing a valid alternative to more expensive products and sophisticated strategies. The alkylphenols bisphenol A, octylphenol and nonylphenol possess estrogenic activity comparable to that of the human steroid hormones estrone, 17β-estradiol (and synthetic analog 17α-ethinyl estradiol) and estriol. Their ubiquitous presence in ecosystems poses a serious threat to wildlife and humans. Conventional wastewater treatment plants often fail to remove environmental estrogens (EEs). This review aims to focus attention on the urgent need to limit the presence of EEs in the environment through a modern and sustainable approach based on the use of recycled biowaste. Materials such as BC, HC and DG, the last being examined here for the first time as a biosorbent, appear appropriate for the removal of EEs both for their negligible cost and continuously improving performance and because their production contributes to solving other emergencies, such as virtuous management of organic waste, carbon sequestration, bioenergy production and implementation of the circular economy. Characterization of biosorbents, qualitative and quantitative aspects of the adsorption/desorption process and data modeling are examined.

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Section: Biosorbents From Biowaste Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recent Advances on Innovative Materials from Biowaste Recycling for the Removal of Environmental Estrogens from Water and Soil

Loffredo

2022

Materials

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“…The porous surface morphology of biochar is highly favorable for holding water and water-soluble nutrients [16]. Previous studies demonstrated biochar as a promising, eco-effective adsorbent due to its excellent physical characteristics, abundant surface functionalities, and superb ion-exchange capability [17,18]. The porous structure with a relatively high specific surface area of the different produced biochars showed enhanced uptake of various toxins [19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparative Adsorptive Removal of Phosphate and Nitrate from Wastewater Using Biochar-MgAl LDH Nanocomposites: Coexisting Anions Effect and Mechanistic Studies

et al. 2020

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In this study, date-palm biochar MgAl-augmented double-layered hydroxide (biochar–MgAl–LDH) nanocomposite was synthesized, characterized, and used for enhancing the removal of phosphate and nitrate pollutants from wastewater. The biochar–MgAl–LDH had higher selectivity and adsorption affinity towards phosphate compared to nitrate. The adsorption kinetics of both anions were better explained by the pseudo-first-order model with a faster removal rate to attain equilibrium in a shorter time, especially at lower initial phosphate-nitrate concentration. The maximum monolayer adsorption capacities of phosphate and nitrate by the non-linear Langmuir model were 177.97 mg/g and 28.06 mg/g, respectively. The coexistence of anions (Cl−, SO42−, NO3−, CO32− and HCO3−) negligibly affected the removal of phosphate due to its stronger bond on the nano-composites, while the presence of Cl− and PO43− reduced the nitrate removal attributed to the ions’ participation in the active adsorption sites on the surface of biochar–MgAl–LDH. The excellent adsorptive performance is the main synergetic influence of the MgAl–LDH incorporation into the biochar. The regeneration tests confirmed that the biochar–MgAl composite can be restored effortlessly and has the prospective to be reused after several subsequent adsorption-desorption cycles. The biochar-LDH further demonstrated capabilities for higher removal of phosphate and nitrate from real wastewater.

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“…BC is the stable carbonaceous by-product obtained from thermochemical conversion, at temperatures ranging from 200 to 800°C, of biomass in limited oxygen conditions (pyrolysis) to produce bio-oil and syngas (IBI 2015). BC, originally designed for carbon sequestration and soil amendment, has proven to be a very efficient low-cost adsorbent of organic and inorganic contaminants and has been increasingly used for soil and water remediation (Zhang et al 2013;Loffredo and Taskin 2017;Gasco et al 2019;Parlavecchia et al 2019;Zheng et al 2020).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Single and combined use of Cannabis sativa L. and carbon-rich materials for the removal of pesticides and endocrine-disrupting chemicals from water and soil

Loffredo

Picca

Parlavecchia

2020

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) seedlings were used to remove from water the fungicide metalaxyl-M and the endocrine disruptor (EDC) bisphenol A (BPA) at concentrations ranging from 2 to 100 μg mL−1. In 7 days of exposure, despite the phytotoxicity of each compound that reduced elongation and biomass, the seedlings were able to remove between 67 and 94% of metalaxyl-M and between 86 and 95% of BPA. The amounts of metalaxyl-M and BPA extracted from plant dry biomass were in the range of 106–3861 μg g−1 and 16–101 μg g−1, respectively, and resulted positively correlated to both the dose of compound added (P ≤ 0.01) and the amount removed by the plants (P ≤ 0.01). Plant uptake and transformation were the main mechanisms involved in the removal of the compounds. In another set of experiments, hemp was used to remove a mixture of two pesticides, metalaxyl-M and metribuzin, and three EDCs, BPA, 17β-estradiol (E2), and 4-tert-octylphenol (OP), at concentrations of 10, 10, 10, 10, and 1 μg g−1, respectively, from soil column not added and added with 2.5% (w/w) of a green compost (CM) or a wood biochar (BC). In 25 days, plants did not alter considerably the distribution of the compounds along the soil profile and were capable of removing, on average, 12, 11, 10, 9, and 14% of metalaxyl-M, metribuzin, BPA, E2, and OP, respectively. During growth, hemp transformed the compounds and accumulated part of them (except OP) mainly in the shoots. CM and, especially, BC significantly protected the plants from the toxicity of the compounds and enhanced the retention of the latter in soil, contrasting leaching. Thus, the single or synergistic use of hemp and amendments deserves attention being a very low-cost and eco-sustainable strategy to remediate water and soil.

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Biochar for Water and Soil Remediation: Production, Characterization, and Application

Cited by 21 publications

References 328 publications

Recent Advances on Innovative Materials from Biowaste Recycling for the Removal of Environmental Estrogens from Water and Soil

Recent Advances on Innovative Materials from Biowaste Recycling for the Removal of Environmental Estrogens from Water and Soil

Comparative Adsorptive Removal of Phosphate and Nitrate from Wastewater Using Biochar-MgAl LDH Nanocomposites: Coexisting Anions Effect and Mechanistic Studies

Single and combined use of Cannabis sativa L. and carbon-rich materials for the removal of pesticides and endocrine-disrupting chemicals from water and soil

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