Biochar and organic fertilizer changed the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea community structure of saline–alkali soil in the North China Plain

Shi, Yunsu; Liu, Xingren; Zhang, Qingwen; Gao, Peiling; Ren, Jianqiang

doi:10.1007/s11368-019-02364-w

Cited by 40 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 82 publications

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“…In salt-affected soil, soil salinity has strong negative effects on the numbers of amoA-AOB and amoA-AOA gene copies, but the effects of biochar on the abundance of AOB and AOA in saline soil are inconsistent. The abundance of AOB and AOA decreased with biochar addition in saline-alkali soil, and AOB were more susceptible than AOA to biochar addition [16]. It was reported that biochar application significantly increased the abundance of AOB and AOA, and the rate and dynamics of nitrification were closely associated with the rate of biochar application [17].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biochar Addition Inhibits Nitrification by Shifting Community Structure of Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms in Salt-Affected Irrigation-Silting Soil

Yao

Yang

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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Biochar has been widely recognized as an effective and eco-friendly ameliorant for saline soils, but information about the mechanism of how biochar influences nitrification in salt-affected agroecosystem remains fragmented. An incubation experiment was performed on the salt-affected soil collected from a three-consecutive-year experiment at biochar application gradients of 7.5 t⋅ha−1, 15 t⋅ha−1 and 30⋅t ha−1 and under nitrogen (N) fertilization. Responses of the nitrification rate (NR), numbers of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) gene copies, and community structures of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) and archaea (AOA) to biochar application were investigated. The results indicated that, under N fertilization, the NR and numbers of amoA-AOB and amoA-AOA gene copies negatively responded to biochar addition. Biochar application increased the community diversity of AOB but decreased that of AOA. Biochar addition and N fertilization shifted the AOB community from Nitrosospira-dominated to Nitrosospira and Nitrosomonas-dominated, and altered the AOA community from Nitrososphaera-dominated to Nitrososphaera and Nitrosopumilus-dominated. The relative abundance of Nitrosospira, Nitrosomonas and Nitrosopumilus decreased, and that of Nitrosovibrio and Nitrososphaera increased with biochar application rate. Soil SOC, pH and NO3−-N explained 87.1% of the variation in the AOB community, and 78.1% of the variation in the AOA community was explanatory by soil pH and SOC. The SOC and NO3−-N influenced NR through Nitrosovibrio, Nitrosomonas, Norank_c_environmental_samples_p_Crenarchaeota and amoA-AOB and amoA-AOA gene abundance. Therefore, biochar addition inhibited nitrification in salt-affected irrigation-silting soil by shifting the community structures of AOB and AOA and reducing the relative abundance of dominant functional ammonia-oxidizers, such as Nitrosospira, Nitrosomonas and Nitrosopumilus.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biochar Addition Inhibits Nitrification by Shifting Community Structure of Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms in Salt-Affected Irrigation-Silting Soil

Yao

Yang

et al. 2022

Microorganisms

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“…Our research also found that the production of N2O in soil is significantly positively correlated with the AOA amoA gene. Higher soil nitrogen content was not conducive to the growth and breeding of AOA [39], which further proved that corn stalks combined with urea may aggravate soil nitrogen deficiency. The reduction in N2O emissions was more effective when high nitrogen (420 kg N ha −1 ) was combined with a low amount (3000 kg ha −1 ) of residue.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

“…This may be because the soil used for the incubation experiment was deficient in nitrogen, and the input of a high C:N residue increased the demand for nitrogen by microorganisms, accelerating the immobilization of mineral nitrogen [34], and thereby reducing the production of N2O. Chen et al [33] and Shi et al [39] believed that the production of N2O in nitrogen-limited soil is mainly affected by AOA rather than AOB. Our research also found that the production of N2O in soil is significantly positively correlated with the AOA amoA gene.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Corn Stalks and Urea on N2O Production from Corn Field Soil

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2021

Agronomy

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Returning corn stalks to the field is an important and widely used soil management practice which is conducive to the sustainable development of agriculture. In this study, the effects of corn stalks and urea on N2O production in corn field soil were investigated through a 21-day incubation experiment. This study showed that increasing amounts of urea added to soil with a history of corn cultivation leads to increasing overall N2O emissions, by increasing both the intensity and the duration of emissions. Although N2O production was affected primarily by urea-derived NH4+-N and NO3--N, its main source was native soil nitrogen, which accounted for 78.5 to 94.5% of N2O. Returning corn stalk residue to the field reduced the production of N2O, and the more urea was applied, the stronger the effect of corn residue on reducing N2O emissions. Combining the application of corn stalks and urea could reduce the concentration of NH4+-N and NO3--N derived from urea, and then reduce the substrate required for N2O production in nitrification and denitrification processes. In addition, the combined application of corn stalks and urea could effectively inhibit the abundance of key N2O-producing genes AOA amoA, nirS and nirK.

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“…Our results show that 25% urea reduction combined with biochar application led to nitrogen agronomic efficiency increase; in addition, AOB and mineral nitrogen increased in both the rhizospheres of the very fine and fine roots, with larger increases for the very fine roots. However, some studies found that the diversity of AOB decreased or did not change with biochar application, which is probably related to the changes in soil pH and NH 4 + content [ 65 ]. The results suggest from genetic to phenotypic changes .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar induced improvement in root system architecture enhances nutrient assimilation by cotton plant seedlings

et al. 2021

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Background Raising nitrogen use efficiency of crops by improving root system architecture is highly essential not only to reduce costs of agricultural production but also to mitigate climate change. The physiological mechanisms of how biochar affects nitrogen assimilation by crop seedlings have not been well elucidated. Results Here, we report changes in root system architecture, activities of the key enzymes involved in nitrogen assimilation, and cytokinin (CTK) at the seedling stage of cotton with reduced urea usage and biochar application at different soil layers (0–10 cm and 10–20 cm). Active root absorption area, fresh weight, and nitrogen agronomic efficiency increased significantly when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied in the surface soil layer. Glutamine oxoglutarate amino transferase (GOGAT) activity was closely related to the application depth of urea/biochar, and it increased when urea/biochar was applied in the 0–10 cm layer. Glutamic-pyruvic transaminase activity (GPT) increased significantly as well. Nitrate reductase (NR) activity was stimulated by CTK in the very fine roots but inhibited in the fine roots. In addition, AMT1;1, gdh3, and gdh2 were significantly up-regulated in the very fine roots when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied. Conclusion Nitrogen assimilation efficiency was significantly affected when urea usage was reduced by 25% and biochar was applied in the surface soil layer at the seedling stage of cotton. The co-expression of gdh3 and gdh2 in the fine roots increased nitrogen agronomic efficiency. The synergistic expression of the ammonium transporter gene and gdh3 suggests that biochar may be beneficial to amino acid metabolism.

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Biochar and organic fertilizer changed the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria and archaea community structure of saline–alkali soil in the North China Plain

Cited by 40 publications

References 82 publications

Biochar Addition Inhibits Nitrification by Shifting Community Structure of Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms in Salt-Affected Irrigation-Silting Soil

Biochar Addition Inhibits Nitrification by Shifting Community Structure of Ammonia-Oxidizing Microorganisms in Salt-Affected Irrigation-Silting Soil

Effects of Corn Stalks and Urea on N2O Production from Corn Field Soil

Biochar induced improvement in root system architecture enhances nutrient assimilation by cotton plant seedlings

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