Biocatalytic production of glyoxylic acid

Aldehyde oxidase carrying an unusual subunit structure from Pseudomonas sp. MX‐058

“…Glyoxylic acid is produced chemically through the oxidation of glyoxal involving nitric acid or via a three-step reaction that involves the ozonolysis of dimethyl maleate and hydrogenation of the resulting methylglyoxylate hemiacetal (Seip et al, 1993;Gavagan et al, 1995). Chemical production, therefore, has the major drawback of a high concentration of oxalic acid as a by-product.…”

“…The enzymatic production of glyoxylic acid has also been reported, mainly with glycolate oxidase [EC 1.1.3.1, glycolate: oxygen oxidoreductase, now referred to as EC 1.1.3.15, (S)-2-hydroxy-acid oxidase] from spinach leaves and catalase (EC 1.11.1.6), and many attempts have been made to make it economically and industrially feasible, e.g., the addition of ethylenediamine (EDA) to prevent further enzymatic oxidation of glyoxylic acid to oxalic acid (Seip et al, 1993), using immobilized enzymes in the presence of a stoichiometric amount of EDA, which can be recycled (Seip et al, 1994), and the use of microbial transformant catalysts Seip et al, 1995;Jin et al, 2003). The production of glyoxylic acid with glycerol oxidase of Aspergillus japonica and with cells of Alcaligenes sp.…”

A novel spray-drying process to stabilize glycolate oxidase and catalase in Pichia pastoris and optimization of pyruvate production from lactate using the spray-dried biocatalyst

“…This hydrogen peroxide byproduct can deactivate GO or further react with pyruvate to yield unwanted products. As a result, catalase is introduced as a second enzyme to break-down the hydrogen peroxide byproduct (J. E. Seip, et al, 1993). Figure 5 shows the synergistic roles of GO and catalase in the production of pyruvic acid where GO catalyzes the oxidation of lactate acid and molecular oxygen is reduced.…”

“…As shown in Figure 6, GO from spinach was found to have the highest yield per gram of plant material and highest enzyme activity (J. E. Seip, et al, 1993). Spinach yielded 1.0 U of GO activity per mg plant material and 0.5 U per mg protein where 1.0 U of activity is defined as the amount of enzyme needed to catalyze 1 μmol of substrate per minute (Karlson, et al, 1979).…”

“…Open bars denote total glycolate oxidase yield in U/g wet plant weight, while filled bars show specific activity in U/mg protein. Glycolate oxidase activities from plant extracts were measured by o-aminobenzaldehyde assay Source:Seip, J. E., et al (1993). Biocatalytic production of glyoxylic acid.…”